Blog 91. Parapet around your Roof

One interpretation: advice to young parents

The reader will see several Tabernacle connections in this entry.

⦁ Deuteronomy 22:8

8 When you build a new house, make a parapet around your roof so that you may not bring the guilt of bloodshed on your house if someone falls from the roof.

⦁ Deuteronomy 22:8

8 When you build (h1129. בָּנָה ḇânâ) a new (h2319. חָדָשׁ ḥâḏâš) house (h1004. בַּיִתḇayiṯ), make a {parapet around} (h4624. מַעֲקֶה ma‘ăqeh) your roof (h1406. גָּג g̱âg̱) so that you may not bring the {guilt of bloodshed} (דָּמִים֙ h1818. דָּם ḏâm) on your house (h1004. בַּיִת ḇayiṯ) if someone (h5307. נָפַל nâp̱al) falls (h5307. נָפַל nâp̱al) from (h4480. מִן min) it.

There is much to be discussed in this one verse. Before we proceed, this writer reminds long-time readers and explains to newer readers, that in these writings all Masoretic markings are being ignored, such as vowel pointings, etc. Before the Masoretes, Scripture had only the consonants. And the Masoretes did their work in a time when there was already strife between followers of Yeshua/Jesus and Jews, so there is always a possibility there may have been some staking-out of territory when the work was done. Recall some verses, pointed out before on the website:

Proverbs 22:28 (Seen also in Pr23:10)

28 Do not move the ancient landmark

that your fathers have set.

And you can go to Post 01. Leave Scripture Unchanged, if you want to see many references why this approach is used here.

Devarim 22:8

8 כי תבנה בית חדש ועשית מעקה לגגך ולא־תשים דמים בביתך כי־יפל הנפל ממנו׃ ס

First word, כי:

כי

① because

Numbers 22:29

29 And Balaam said to the donkey, “Because (h3588. כִּי ḵiy) you have abused me. I wish there were a sword in my hand, for now I would kill you!”

② though

Psalms 23:4

4 Yea, though (h3588. כִּי ḵiy) I walk through the valley of the shadow of death,

I will fear no evil;

For You are with me;

Your rod and Your staff, they comfort me.

③ that

⦁ Genesis 6:5-8

5 Then the LORD saw that (h3588. כִּי ḵiy) the wickedness of man was great in the earth, and that every intent of the thoughts of his heart was only evil continually. 6 And the LORD was sorry that He had made man on the earth, and He was grieved in His heart. 7 So the LORD said, “I will destroy man whom I have created from the face of the earth, both man and beast, creeping thing and birds of the air, for I am sorry that I have made them.” 8 But Noah found grace in the eyes of the LORD.

The one to which they refer is in red. A few others are in blue.

④ if

⦁ Exodus 21:2-6

2 If (h3588. כִּי ḵiy) you buy a Hebrew servant, he shall serve six years; and in the seventh he shall go out free and pay nothing. 3 If he comes in by himself, he shall go out by himself; if he comes in married, then his wife shall go out with him. 4 If his master has given him a wife, and she has borne him sons or daughters, the wife and her children shall be her master’s, and he shall go out by himself. 5 But if the servant plainly says, ‘I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free,’ 6 then his master shall bring him to the judges. He shall also bring him to the door, or to the doorpost, and his master shall pierce his ear with an awl; and he shall serve him forever.

I have highlighted all the “ifs” here. Only the first is כי.

⑤ when

⦁ Deuteronomy 4:25-27

25 “When (h3588. כִּי ḵiy) you beget children and grandchildren and have grown old in the land, and act corruptly and make a carved image in the form of anything, and do evil in the sight of the LORD your God to provoke Him to anger, 26 I call heaven and earth to witness against you this day, that you will soon utterly perish from the land which you cross over the Jordan to possess; you will not prolong your days in it, but will be utterly destroyed. 27 And the LORD will scatter (h6327. פּוּץ pûṣ) you among the peoples, and you will be left few in number among the nations where the LORD will drive you.

Remember the overall meaning, “be the cause.”
We will see discussion of h6327. פּוּץ pûṣ in an associated entry very soon.

⑥ most

⦁ 2 Samuel 23:18-19

18 Now Abishai the brother of Joab, the son of Zeruiah, was chief of (~~another~~) three. He lifted his spear against three hundred (~~men~~), killed (~~them~~), and won a name among (~~these~~) three. 19 (~~Was he not~~) the most (הכי h3588. כִּי ḵiy) honored of three? Therefore he became their captain. However, he did not attain to the (first) three. ((Might more literally read, “Because made honored of three, therefore he became•••” thus you see the challenges in making readable in English))

You see that we have found great latitude with a variety of conjunctions in English with this two-letter word (BDB calls it a “particle”). Here is the TWOT article about כי, emphasis added:

▸ 976 כִּי (kî) as though, as, because that, but, certainly, except, for, surely, since, that, then, when, etc. (ASV and RSV similar.)

A particle expressing a temporal, causal, or objective relationship among clauses expressed or unexpressed. It is perhaps related to the inseparable preposition כְּ “like, as.” The same particle used in similar ways is found in Ugaritic ( k), Phoenician, Moabite, Akkadian ( kī), and Arabic. It occurs about 4250 times in the Old Testament.

In Hebrew כִּי is used in four ways: to introduce an objective clause especially after verbs of seeing, saying, etc. and translated “that”; to introduce a temporal clause and translated “when” (some of these are almost conditional clauses, thus making “if” appropriate); to introduce a causal clause, “because, for, since”; and with ‘im to express the reason why some case might not occur “except, but rather.” In all four usages כִּי introduces a given which is the result of some other fact or action or will influence some other fact or action. Some would add an asseverative usage giving emphasis to what follows.

Examples are as follows: (objective) “believe that the Lord… has appeared to you” (Ex 4:5); (temporal) “when you buy a Hebrew servant…” (21:2); (causal) “The earth is the Lord’s… for he has founded it…” (Ps 24:1, 2); (with אִם) “I will not let you go, except you bless me” (Gen 32:27).

J.N.O.

בנה

For תבנה, “build,” note

▸ BDB בנה

GLOSS qal: build; niphal: be built

PARSING Hebrew, verb, qal, imperfect, 2nd person, masculine, singular

CODE@vqi2ms

that it is “imperfect,” action not completed, so it could be you build, you are building, or you will build. It cannot be “have built,” which would be “perfect,” completed action. We will not go through all of the verses here, but look at the “sub-definitions.”

Next is בית, on which we have spent much time recently.

בית

בית frequently means family, as in when “the house of Jacob,” “the house of Joseph,” “the house of Levi,” etc. are referred to. And, as you see from the search in ESV above, it is also translated literally as “family.” We have already discussed that the place where you live speaks not simply of physical things but spiritual. And recall that names identify character. So, if you are of “the house of Joseph,” your nature tends to be one of Joseph יסף:

p.105 יסף increase; continue;; CM יסף lead forward/astray (C56).

So, while in one way Shlomo/Solomon was the son of David and thus of the house of Judah, he also could, in Biblical thinking, be considered in the nature of Joseph (to be clear the LORD bestowed that upon him as a trial, which we have discussed previously – see Blog 90. Names are sometimes changed in Scripture, which indicates a change in character.). That nature does lead forward, but also may lead astray.

⦁ Exodus 1:19-21

19 The midwives said to Pharaoh, “Because (כי) the Hebrew women are not like the Egyptian women, for they are vigorous and give birth before the midwife comes to them.” 20 So God dealt well with the midwives. And the people multiplied and grew very strong. 21 And because (כי) the midwives feared God, he gave them families(h1004. בַּיִת ḇayiṯ).

⦁ Leviticus 18:9

9 You shall not uncover the nakedness of your sister, your father’s daughter or your mother’s daughter, whether brought up in the family (h1004. בַּיִת ḇayiṯ) or in another (h2351. חוּץ ḥûṣ) (~~home~~). See how בית is used as opposite to חוץ – within|without.

▸ h2351. חוּץ ḥûṣ; or (shortened) חֻץ chuts; (both forms feminine in the plural) from an unused root meaning to sever; properly, separate by a wall, i.e. outside, outdoors: — abroad, field, forth, highway, more, out(-side, -ward), street, without.

AV (164) – without 70, street 44, abroad 21, out 17, outside 2, fields 2, forth 2, highways 1, Kirjathhuzoth + h7155 1, more 1, out of 1, outward 1, utter 1;

outside, outward, street, the outside

⦁ Joshua 22:13-14

13 Then the people of Israel sent to the people of Reuben and the people of Gad and the half-tribe of Manasseh, in the land of Gilead, Phinehas the son of Eleazar the priest, 14 and with him ten chiefs, one from each of the tribal families (h1004. בַּיִתḇayiṯ) of Israel, every one of them the head of a family (h1004. בַּיִת ḇayiṯ) among the clans of Israel.

⦁ Judges 8:27-28

27 And Gideon made an ephod of it and put it in his city, in Ophrah. And all Israel whored after it there, and it became a snare to Gideon and to his family (h1004. בַּיִתḇayiṯ). 28 So Midian was subdued before the people of Israel, and they raised their heads no more. And the land had rest forty years in the days of Gideon.

⦁ Judges 8:34-35

34 And the people of Israel did not remember the LORD their God, who had delivered them from the hand of all their enemies on every side, 35 and they did not show steadfast love to the family (h1004. בַּיִת ḇayiṯ) of Jerubbaal (that is, Gideon) in return for all the good that he had done to Israel.

Devarim 22:8

8 כי תבנה בית חדש ועשית מעקה לגגך ולא־תשים דמים בביתך כי־יפל הנפל ממנו׃ ס

חדש

① being new

⦁ Leviticus 26:6-12

6 I will give peace in the land, and you shall lie down, and none will make you afraid;

I will rid the land of evil beasts,

and the sword will not go through your land.

7 You will chase your enemies, and they shall fall by the sword before you.

8 Five of you shall chase a hundred, and a hundred of you shall put ten thousand to flight;

your enemies shall fall by the sword before you.

9 ‘For I will look on you favorably and make you fruitful, multiply you and confirm My covenant with you.

10 You shall eat the old harvest, and clear out the old because of the new (h2319. חָדָשׁ ḥâḏâš).

11 I will set My tabernacle among you, and My soul shall not abhor you.

12 I will walk among you and be your God, and you shall be My people.

② renewing

⦁ Lamentations 5:19-22

19 You, O LORD, remain forever;

Your throne from generation to generation.

20 Why do You forget us forever,

And forsake us for so long a time?

21 Turn us back (h7725. שׁוּב šûḇ) to You, O LORD, and we will be restored (h7725. שׁוּבšûḇ);

Renew (h2318. חָדַשׁ ḥâḏaš) our days as of old,

22 Unless You have utterly rejected us,

And are very angry with us!

Parallel is שוב

¿ you must go backward in order to move forward ? Which is, of course, the idea of cycles, of Genesis 8:22, seedtime and harvest, summer and winter, day and night, and seen easily in the waxing and waning of the moon. As in Joseph’s interpretation of Pharaoh’s dreams (Genesis 41), one must Understand/Recognize/Perceive/Discern the evenings, when they are coming. That a time of “crossing over” is arriving, and recognize that one must prepare in the good times for the bad times. BUT unlike Joseph, somehow we must figure a way to deal with it so others do not become slaves of Pharaoh פרעה. WEANING 🤔🤔🤔 GRADUAL – waxing and waning, gradual stops and starts are more tolerable than cataclysmic events.

Weaning is the hardest time. Two approaches: rip off the band-aid or do it gradually? “Cold turkey?” Two perspectives.

This is another entire discussion yet to come.

⦁ Exodus 12:6

6 Now you shall keep it until the fourteenth day of the same month. Then the whole assembly (h6951. קָהָל qâhâl) of the congregation of Israel shall kill it at (h0996. בֵּיןḇêyn) twilight (h6153. עֶרֶב ‘ereḇ).

The “famous” line, “between the evenings.” 🤔

The continuation of the entry on Pesach/Passover

Night and day occur between the evenings. Learn to differentiate the evenings. Recognize when a night is coming. 🤔 Is it when things seem to us to be getting “the best” that it should be a warning sign that things are about to change?

ערב and עבר are permutations of one another.

Pharaoh פרעה:

Must also notice that פער is a cognate permutation of ערב and עבר•••

❶ easing pressure

⦁ Exodus 5:1-5 Fourfold

1 Afterward Moses and Aaron went in and told Pharaoh (h6547. פַּרְעֹה p̱ar‘ô), “Thus says the LORD God of Israel: ‘Let My people go, that they may hold a feast to Me in the wilderness.'”

2 And Pharaoh (h6547. פַּרְעֹה p̱ar‘ô) said, “Who is the LORD, that I should obey His voice to let Israel go? I do not know the LORD, nor will I let Israel go.”

3 So they said, “The God of the Hebrews has met with us. Please, let us go three days’ journey into the desert and sacrifice to the LORD our God, lest He fall upon us with pestilence or with the sword.”

4 Then the king of Egypt said to them, “Moses and Aaron, why do you take (h6544. פָּרַע p̱âra‘) the people from their work? Get (~~back~~) to your labor.” 5 And Pharaoh(h6547. פַּרְעֹה p̱ar‘ô) said, “Look, the people of the land are many now, and you make them rest (h7673. שָׁבַת šâḇaṯ) from their labor!”

⦁ Genesis 1:1

1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.

Genesis 1:1

בראשית

1 בְּרֵאשִׁ֖ית בָּרָ֣א אֱלֹהִ֑ים אֵ֥ת הַשָּׁמַ֖יִם וְאֵ֥ת הָאָֽרֶץ׃

ברא + שית

ברא

+ שית

Balance. There must be a balance. Balance between fruitfulness and growing wild with no restraint. God’s answer, cycles – waxing and waning as the moon. Did you notice in reading about Moshe on Pisgah פסגה that it said Pisgah is opposite Jericho?

▸ h3405. יְרִיחוֹ yerîyḥô; or יְרֵחוֹ Yrechow; or variation (1 Kings 16:34) יְרִיחֹה Yriychoh; perhaps from 3394; its month; or else from 7306; fragrant; Jericho or Jerecho, a place in Palestine: — Jericho. .

AV (57) – Jericho 57; Jericho = “its moon”

It is the cycles that keep in balance the p.203 פסג raising to prominence. Just as it was with the Tower of Babel, there is a dispersion, an interruption in the growth. Yes, we are told to be fruitful and multiply (Genesis 1:27-28). And that must be our efforts, always, knowing that there will be cycles, yet we are to have joy and gladness (Deuteronomy 28:47) in the knowledge of the cycles. Be content (see Philippians 4:11-12 and Hebrews 13:5).

⦁ Genesis 16:9-12

9 The Angel of the LORD said to her, “Return to your mistress, and submit yourself under her hand.” 10 Then the Angel of the LORD said to her, “I will multiply your descendants exceedingly, so that they shall not be counted for multitude.” 11 And the Angel of the LORD said to her:

“Behold, you (~~are~~) with child,

And you shall bear a son.

You shall call his name Ishmael,

Because the LORD has heard your affliction.

12 He shall be a wild (h6501. פֶּרֶא p̱ere’) man;

His hand (~~shall be~~) against every man,

And every man’s hand against him.

And he shall dwell in the presence of all his brethren.”

There will always be opposition. That creates the balance. We must persist in spite of that. Be fruitful and multiply.

❷ uncovering

⦁ Numbers 5:18-22

18 Then the priest shall stand the woman before the LORD, uncover (h6544. פָּרַעp̱âra‘) the woman’s head, and put the offering for remembering in her hands, which is the grain offering of jealousy. And the priest shall have in his hand the bitter water that brings a curse. 19 And the priest shall put her under oath, and say to the woman, “If no man has lain with you, and if you have not gone astray to uncleanness while under your husband’s authority, be free from this bitter water that brings a curse. 20 But if you have gone astray while under your husband’s authority, and if you have defiled yourself and some man other than your husband has lain with you”— 21 then the priest shall put the woman under the oath of the curse, and he shall say to the woman—”the LORD make you a curse and an oath among your people, when the LORD makes your thigh rot and your belly swell; 22 and may this water that causes the curse go into your stomach, and make your belly swell and your thigh rot.”

‘Then the woman shall say, “Amen, so be it.”

⦁ Exodus 25:31-40 – (NKJV – The Gold Lampstand Ex. 37:17–24)

Obvious Tabernacle connection

31 “You shall also make a lampstand of pure gold; the lampstand shall be of hammered work. Its shaft, its branches, its bowls, its ornamental knobs, and flowers shall be of one piece. 32 And six branches shall come out of its sides: three branches of the lampstand out of one side, and three branches of the lampstand out of the other side. 33 Three bowls shall be made like almond blossoms on one branch, with an ornamental knob and a flower, and three bowls made like almond blossoms on the other branch, with an ornamental knob and a flower—and so for the six branches that come out of the lampstand. 34 On the lampstand itself four bowls shall be made like almond blossoms, each with its ornamental knob and flower. 35 And there shall be a knob under the first two branches of the same, a knob under the second two branches of the same, and a knob under the third two branches of the same, according to the six branches that extend from the lampstand. 36 Their knobs and their branches shall be of one piece; all of it shall be one hammered piece of pure gold. 37 You shall make seven lamps for it, and they shall arrange its lamps so that they give light in front of it. 38 And its wick-trimmers and their trays shall be of pure gold. 39 It shall be made of a talent (h3603. כִּכָּר ḵiḵâr) of pure (h2889. טָהוֹר ṭâhôr) gold, with all these utensils. 40 And see to it that you make them according to the pattern which was shown you on the mountain.

Exodus 25:39

39 כִּכָּ֛ר זָהָ֥ב טָהֹ֖ור יַעֲשֶׂ֣ה אֹתָ֑הּ אֵ֥ת כָּל־הַכֵּלִ֖ים הָאֵֽלֶּה׃

This is a very brief article about the “talent,” which, in this context, I am interpreting as extravagance.

https://en-academic.com/dic.nsf/enwiki/387250

The only possible word connection I see is טהור, if you considered ט as “containing,” and a permutation of הור, which could be רוה.

Perhaps together they teach us of God’s extravagant sharing of his light, and the willingness of those contributing to the Tabernacle (Ex35:20-29, 36:2-7). Thus should be our extravagance with the LORD (יהוה), as he is with us.

❸ losing complete control

⦁ Exodus 32:25-27

25 Now when Moses saw that the people were unrestrained (h6544. פָּרַע p̱âra‘) (for Aaron had {not restrained} (h6544. פָּרַע p̱âra‘) them, to their shame among their enemies), 26 then Moses stood in the entrance of the camp, and said, “Whoever is on the LORD’s side—come to me!” And all the sons of Levi gathered themselves together to him. 27 And he said to them, “Thus says the LORD God of Israel: ‘Let every man put his sword on his side, and go in and out from entrance to entrance throughout the camp, and let every man kill his brother, every man his companion, and every man his neighbor.'” (You will see more on this in the House of Levi Blog – it becomes the Levites’ job to restrain them.)

Exodus 32:25

25 וַיַּ֤רְא מֹשֶׁה֙ אֶת־הָעָ֔ם כִּ֥י פָרֻ֖עַ ה֑וּא כִּֽי־פְרָעֹ֣ה אַהֲרֹ֔ן לְשִׁמְצָ֖ה בְּקָמֵיהֶֽם׃

❹ distancing

● Proverbs 1:23-26

23 Turn (h7725. שׁוּב šûḇ) at my rebuke (h8433. תּוֹכֵחָה tôḵêḥâ);

Surely I will pour out my spirit on you;

I will make my words known to you.

24 Because I have called and you refused,

I have stretched out my hand and no one regarded,

25 (~~Because~~)(And) you disdained (h6544. פָּרַע p̱âra‘) all my counsel (h6098. עֵצָה‘êṣâ),

And {would have} (h0015. אָבֶה ’âḇeh) none of my rebuke (h8433. תּוֹכֵחָה tôḵêḥâ),

26 I also will laugh at your calamity;

I will mock when your terror comes,

In an associated Blog upcoming soon, on the House of Levi, we will be talking about rebuke. This is another witness to this writer.
h7725. שׁוּב šûḇ has been in the thick of discussion recently and arises again in the same upcoming Blog. Many intertwining threads.

Proverbs 1:25

25 וַתִּפְרְע֥וּ כָל־עֲצָתִ֑י וְ֝תוֹכַחְתִּ֗י לֹ֣א אֲבִיתֶֽם׃

Parallel/opposite h0015. אָבֶה ’âḇeh

❺ king with unlimited power

⦁ Genesis 41:1-8

1 Then it came to pass, at the end of two full years, that Pharaoh (h6547. פַּרְעֹה p̱ar‘ô) had a dream; and behold, he stood by the river. 2 Suddenly there came up out of the river seven cows, fine looking and fat; and they fed in the meadow. 3 Then behold, seven other cows came up after them out of the river, ugly and gaunt, and stood by the other cows on the bank of the river. 4 And the ugly and gaunt cows ate up the seven fine looking and fat cows. So Pharaoh (h6547. פַּרְעֹה p̱ar‘ô) awoke. 5 He slept and dreamed a second time; and suddenly seven heads of grain came up on one stalk, plump and good. 6 Then behold, seven thin heads, blighted by the east wind, sprang up after them. 7 And the seven thin heads devoured the seven plump and full heads. So Pharaoh (h6547. פַּרְעֹה p̱ar‘ô) awoke, and indeed, it was a dream. 8 Now it came to pass in the morning that his spirit was troubled, and he sent and called for all the magicians of Egypt and all its wise men. And Pharaoh (h6547. פַּרְעֹה p̱ar‘ô) told them his dreams, but there was no one who could interpret them for Pharaoh (h6547. פַּרְעֹה p̱ar‘ô).

❻ wild hair; locks

⦁ Deuteronomy 32:39-42

39 ‘Now see that I, even I, am He,

And there is no God besides Me;

I kill and I make alive;

I wound and I heal;

Nor is there any who can deliver from My hand.

40 For I raise My hand to heaven,

And say, “As I live forever,

41 If I whet My glittering sword,

And My hand takes hold on judgment,

I will render vengeance to My enemies,

And repay those who hate Me.

42 I will make My arrows drunk with blood,

And My sword shall devour flesh,

With the blood of the slain and the captives,

From the heads of the leaders (h6546. פַּרְעָה p̱ar‘â) of the enemy.”‘

❼ wild insect

● 1 Samuel 24:13-15

13 As the proverb of the ancients says, ‘Wickedness proceeds from the wicked.’ But my hand shall not be against you. 14 After whom has the king of Israel come out? Whom do you pursue? A dead dog? A flea (h6550. פַּרְעשׁ p̱ar‘š)? 15 Therefore let the LORD be judge, and judge between you and me, and see and plead my case, and deliver me out of your hand.”●

1 Samuel 24:15-16

15 אַחֲרֵ֨י מִ֤י יָצָא֙ מֶ֣לֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל אַחֲרֵ֥י מִ֖י אַתָּ֣ה רֹדֵ֑ף אַֽחֲרֵי֙ כֶּ֣לֶב מֵ֔ת אַחֲרֵ֖י פַּרְעֹ֥שׁ אֶחָֽד׃

16 וְהָיָ֤ה יְהוָה֙ לְדַיָּ֔ן וְשָׁפַ֖ט בֵּינִ֣י וּבֵינֶ֑ךָ וְיֵ֨רֶא֙ וְיָרֵ֣ב אֶת־רִיבִ֔י וְיִשְׁפְּטֵ֖נִי מִיָּדֶֽךָ׃ פ

⦁ Genesis 25:5-6

5 And Abraham gave all that he had to Isaac. 6 But Abraham gave gifts to the sons of the concubines which Abraham had; and while he was still living he sent them eastward, away from Isaac his son, to the country of the east.

Genesis 25:6

6 וְלִבְנֵ֤י הַפִּֽילַגְשִׁים֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר לְאַבְרָהָ֔ם נָתַ֥ן אַבְרָהָ֖ם מַתָּנֹ֑ת וַֽיְשַׁלְּחֵ֞ם מֵעַ֨ל יִצְחָ֤ק בְּנוֹ֙ בְּעוֹדֶ֣נּוּ חַ֔י קֵ֖דְמָה אֶל־אֶ֥רֶץקֶֽדֶם׃

③ month; renewal of moon

⦁ Genesis 8:5

5 And the waters decreased (h2637. חָסֵר ḥâsêr) continually (h1980. הָלַךְ hâlaḵ) until the tenth (h6224. עֲשִׂירִי ‘ăśîyrîy) month (h2320. חֹדֶשׁ ḥôḏeš). In the tenth (h6224. עֲשִׂירִי ‘ăśîyrîy) (~~month~~), on the first (h0259. אֶחָד ’eḥâḏ) (~~day~~) of the month (h2320. חֹדֶשׁ ḥôḏeš), the tops of the mountains were seen.

▸ p.95 חסר lack; be without;; CM limit and hold together (A28)

▸ p.59 הלך walk; progress step by step toward a goal;; CM move piecemeal (A61)

▸ p.194 עשׂר tithe;; CM limit and hold together (A28)

▸ p.194 עשר enrich;; CM limit and hold together (A28)

⦁ Exodus 12:1-4 – (NKJV The Passover Instituted – Num. 9:1–14; Deut. 16:1–8; Ezek. 45:21–25) we saw this passage just recently

1 Now the LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt, saying, 2 “This month (h2320. חֹדֶשׁ ḥôḏeš) (~~shall be~~) your beginning of months (h2320. חֹדֶשׁ ḥôḏeš); it (~~shall be~~) the first month (h2320. חֹדֶשׁ ḥôḏeš) of the year to you. 3 Speak to all the congregation of Israel, saying: ‘On the tenth of this month (h2320. חֹדֶשׁ ḥôḏeš) every man shall take for himself a lamb, according to the house of (~~his~~) father, a lamb for a household. 4 And if the household is too small for the lamb, let him and his neighbor next to his house take it according to the number of the persons; according to each man’s need you shall make your count for the lamb.

⦁ Deuteronomy 16:1-4 – (NKJV – The Passover Reviewed – Ex. 12:1–20; 23:14–19; 34:18–26)

1 “Observe the month (h2320. חֹדֶשׁ ḥôḏeš) of Abib (h0024. אָבִיב ’âḇîyḇ), and keep the Passover to the LORD your God, for in the month (h2320. חֹדֶשׁ ḥôḏeš) of Abib (h0024. אָבִיב ’âḇîyḇ) the LORD your God brought you out of Egypt by night (h3915. לַיִלlaiyl). 2 Therefore you shall sacrifice the Passover to the LORD your God, from the flock and the herd, in the place where the LORD chooses to put His name. 3 You shall eat no leavened bread with it; seven days you shall eat unleavened bread with it, that is, the bread of affliction (for you came out of the land of Egypt in haste), that you may remember the day in which you came out of the land of Egypt all the days of your life. 4 And no leaven shall be seen among you in all your territory for seven days, nor shall any of the meat which you sacrifice the first day at twilight remain overnight until morning.

Deuteronomy 16:1

1 שָׁמוֹר֙ אֶת־חֹ֣דֶשׁ הָאָבִ֔יב וְעָשִׂ֣יתָ פֶּ֔סַח לַיהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֶ֑יךָ כִּ֞י בְּחֹ֣דֶשׁ הָֽאָבִ֗יב הוֹצִ֨יאֲךָ֜ יְהוָ֧ה אֱלֹהֶ֛יךָ מִמִּצְרַ֖יִםלָֽיְלָה׃

④ thirty days

⦁ Numbers 11:16-20

16 So the LORD said to Moses: “Gather to Me seventy men of the elders of Israel, whom you know to be the elders of the people and officers over them; bring them to the tabernacle of meeting, that they may stand there with you. 17 Then I will come down and talk with you there. I will take of the Spirit that is upon you and will put the same upon them; and they shall bear the burden of the people with you, that you may not bear it yourself alone. 18 Then you shall say to the people, ‘Consecrate yourselves for tomorrow, and you shall eat meat; for you have wept in the hearing of the LORD, saying, “Who will give us meat to eat? For it was well with us in Egypt.” Therefore the LORD will give you meat, and you shall eat. 19 You shall eat, not one day, nor two days, nor five days, nor ten days, nor twenty days, 20 (~~but for a whole~~) month (h2320. חֹדֶשׁ ḥôḏeš), until it comes out of your nostrils and becomes loathsome to you, because you have despised the LORD who is among you, and have wept before Him, saying, “Why did we ever come up out of Egypt?”‘”

Numbers 11:20

20 עַ֣ד ׀ חֹ֣דֶשׁ יָמִ֗ים עַ֤ד אֲשֶׁר־יֵצֵא֙ מֵֽאַפְּכֶ֔ם וְהָיָ֥ה לָכֶ֖ם לְזָרָ֑א יַ֗עַן כִּֽי־מְאַסְתֶּ֤ם אֶת־יְהוָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּקִרְבְּכֶ֔םוַתִּבְכּ֤וּ לְפָנָיו֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לָ֥מָּה זֶּ֖ה יָצָ֥אנוּ מִמִּצְרָֽיִם׃

More literally עַ֣ד ׀ חֹ֣דֶשׁ יָמִ֗ים is until a month of days or until a renewal of days.Recall their calendar was a lunar calendar, not a solar calendar like the one we inherited from the Romans.

Continuing with Deuteronomy 22:8 and the parapet around the roof.

Deuteronomy 22:8

8 כִּ֤י תִבְנֶה֙ בַּ֣יִת חָדָ֔שׁ וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מַעֲקֶ֖ה לְגַגֶּ֑ךָ וְלֹֽא־תָשִׂ֤ים דָּמִים֙ בְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָ כִּֽי־יִפֹּ֥ל הַנֹּפֵ֖ל מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ ס

⦁ Deuteronomy 22:8

8 When you build (h1129. בָּנָה ḇânâ) a new (h2319. חָדָשׁ ḥâḏâš) house (h1004. בַּיִתḇayiṯ), make (h6213. עָשָׂה ‘âśâ) a {parapet around} (h4624. מַעֲקֶה ma‘ăqeh) your roof (h1406. גָּג g̱âg̱) so that you may not bring the {guilt of bloodshed} (דָּמִים֙ h1818. דָּםḏâm) on your house (h1004. בַּיִת ḇayiṯ) if someone (h5307. נָפַל nâp̱al) falls (h5307. נָפַלnâp̱al) from (h4480. מִן min) it.

עשׂה

You can look up the verses. A few comments. First, h6213. עָשָׂה ‘âśâ occurs seven times in Genesis 1, five times of something God had done, and twice of trees in bearing fruit. Note also that it is an action verb, it is something requiring effort. And finally, note the cognate meaning of limit/expand activity. Sometimes both are necessary in successfully creating.

Deuteronomy 22:8

8 כִּ֤י תִבְנֶה֙ בַּ֣יִת חָדָ֔שׁ וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מַעֲקֶ֖ה לְגַגֶּ֑ךָ וְלֹֽא־תָשִׂ֤ים דָּמִים֙ בְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָ כִּֽי־יִפֹּ֥ל הַנֹּפֵ֖ל מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ ס

מ + עקה ↔︎ מעקה

Listed is, of course, our index verse. And מעקה is listed as a HAPAX in Strongs, and is noted to be from an unused root. So, we must rely on the tools we have been using to help with a definition. You see we have one GV listed, and there are some phonetic cognates to work with. We won’t do all, but feel free to, if you have gotten the book and have the desire to know more. Two particular cognates at first glance seem they might fit with discussion we have been having, הגה express thoughts, and חקה wait. Please feel free to look up others.

GV עוק:

🅐 pressing

⦁ Amos 2:10-16

10 Also it was I who brought you up from the land of Egypt,

And led you forty years through the wilderness,

To possess the land of the Amorite.

11 I raised up some of your sons as prophets,

And some of your young men as Nazirites.

Is it not so, O you children of Israel?”

Says the LORD.

12 “But you gave the Nazirites wine to drink,

And commanded the prophets saying,

‘Do not prophesy!’

13 “Behold, I am {weighed down} (h5781. עוּק ‘ûq) by you,

As a cart full of sheaves is {weighed down} (h5781. עוּק ‘ûq).

14 Therefore flight shall perish from the swift,

The strong shall not strengthen his power,

Nor shall the mighty deliver himself;

15 He shall not stand who handles the bow,

The swift of foot shall not escape,

Nor shall he who rides a horse deliver himself.

16 The most courageous men of might

Shall flee naked in that day,”

Says the LORD.

Why do we try to interfere with God’s ongoing maintenance of Creation? Does the LORD not know how to create strength in his people?

Our index verse / parapet

🅑 oppressing

⦁ Psalms 55:1-7

To the Chief Musician. With stringed instruments. A Contemplation of David.

1 Give ear to my prayer, O God,

And do not hide Yourself from my supplication.

2 Attend to me, and hear me;

I am restless in my complaint, and moan noisily,

3(4H) Because of the voice of the enemy,

Because of the oppression (h6125. עָקָה ‘âqâ) of the wicked;

For they bring down trouble upon me,

And in wrath they hate me.

4 My heart is severely pained within me,

And the terrors of death have fallen upon me.

5 Fearfulness and trembling have come upon me,

And horror has overwhelmed me.

6 So I said, “Oh, that I had wings like a dove!

I would fly away and be at rest.

7 Indeed, I would wander far off,

And remain in the wilderness.

Selah

▸ h6125. עָקָה ‘âqâ; from h5781. עוּק ‘ûq; constraint: — oppression.

▸ h5781. עוּק ‘ûq; a primitive root; to pack: — be pressed.

🅒 constraining

⦁ Psalms 66:8-12

8 Bless our God, O peoples;

let the sound of his praise be heard,

9 who has kept our soul among the living

and has not let our feet slip.

10 For you, O God, have tested us;

you have tried us as silver is tried.

11 You brought us into the net;

you laid a {crushing burden} (h4157. מוּעָקָה mû‘âqâ) on our backs;

12 you let men ride over our heads;

we went through fire and through water;

yet you have brought us out to a place of abundance.

▸ h4157. מוּעָקָה mû‘âqâ; from h5781. עוּק ‘ûq; pressure, i.e. (figuratively) distress: — affliction.

It’s too much to include here, but you should read through the end of the Psalm to see the Psalmist’s thankfulness.
See in these verses the idea of a cycle, burden to abundance.

((Look at one of the cognates of עוק, which is חוק:

This family brings חק, which is the framework of order in Creation, taken from chaos:

▸ h2706. חֹק ḥôq; from h2710. חָקַק ḥâqaq; an enactment; hence, an appointment (of time, space, quantity, labor or usage): — appointed, bound, commandment, convenient, custom, decree(-d), due, law, measure, x necessary, ordinance(-nary), portion, set time, statute, task.

AV (127) – statute 87, ordinance 9, decree 7, due 4, law 4, portion 3, bounds 2, custom 2, appointed 1, commandments 1, misc 7;

Cognate הגה express thoughts:

🅐 inducing thought

⦁ Psalms 1:1-3

1 Blessed is the man

Who walks not in the counsel of the ungodly,

Nor stands in the path of sinners,

Nor sits in the seat of the scornful;

2 But his delight is in the law of the LORD,

And in His law he meditates (h1897. הָגָה hâg̱â) day and night.

3 He shall be like a tree

Planted by the rivers of water,

That brings forth its fruit in its season,

Whose leaf also shall not wither;

And whatever he does shall prosper.

⦁ Psalms 9:13-16

13 Have mercy on me, O LORD!

Consider my trouble from those who hate me,

You who lift me up from the gates of death,

14 That I may tell of all Your praise

In the gates of the daughter of Zion.

I will rejoice in Your salvation.

15 The nations have sunk down in the pit which they made;

In the net (~~which~~) they hid, their own foot is caught.

16(17H) The LORD is known (by) the judgment He executes;

The wicked is snared in the work of his own hands.

Meditation (h1902. הִגָּיוֹן hig̱âyôn). Selah

⦁ Psalms 106:9-15

9 He rebuked the Red Sea also, and it dried up;

So He led them through the depths,

As through the wilderness.

10 He saved them from the hand of him who hated them,

And redeemed them from the hand of the enemy.

11 The waters covered their enemies;

There was not one of them left.

12 Then they believed His words;

They sang His praise.

13 They soon forgot His works;

They did not wait (h2442. חָכָה ḥâḵâ) for His counsel,

14 But lusted exceedingly in the wilderness,

And tested God in the desert.

15 And He gave them their request,

But sent leanness into their soul.

Noted here before, the “also” verses often help more than the primary ones, helping to lead in a more targeted direction. This suggests the idea of patience.

🅑 speculating

⦁ Psalms 2:1-3

1 Why do the nations rage,

And the people plot (h1897. הָגָה hâg̱â) a vain thing?

2 The kings of the earth set themselves,

And the rulers take counsel together,

Against the LORD and against his anointed, (~~saying~~),

3 “Let us break their bonds in pieces

And cast away their cords from us.”

🅒 emitting sounds

⦁ Psalms 115:3-8

3 But our God (is) in heaven;

He does whatever He pleases.

4 Their idols (~~are~~) silver and gold,

The work of men’s hands.

5 They have mouths, but they do not speak;

Eyes they have, but they do not see;

6 They have ears, but they do not hear;

Noses they have, but they do not smell;

7 They have hands, but they do not handle;

Feet they have, but they do not walk;

Nor do they mutter (h1897. הָגָה hâg̱â) through their throat.

8 Those who make them are like them;

(~~So is~~) everyone who trusts in them.

🅓 wailing; moaning

⦁ Ezekiel 2:9-10

9 Now when I looked, there was a hand stretched out to me; and behold, a scroll of a book was in it. 10 Then He spread it before me; and there was writing on the inside and on the outside, and written on it were lamentations and mourning (h1899. הֶגֶהheg̱eh) and woe.

🅔 removing

⦁ Proverbs 25:4-5

4 Take away (h1898. הָגָה hâg̱â) the dross from silver,

And it will go to the silversmith for jewelry.

5 Take away (h1898. הָגָה hâg̱â) the wicked from before the king,

And his throne will be established in righteousness.

🅕 vigorous meditation

⦁ Psalms 19:12-14

12 Who can understand (~~his~~) errors?

Cleanse me from secret (~~faults~~).

13 Keep back Your servant also from presumptuous (~~sins~~);

Let them not have dominion over me.

Then I shall be blameless,

And I shall be innocent of great transgression.

14 Let the words (h0561. אֵמֶר ’êmer) of my mouth and the meditation (h1902. הִגָּיוֹןhig̱âyôn) of my heart

Be acceptable in Your sight,

O LORD, my strength and my Redeemer.

Here אמר is in parallel with הגיון. We have mentioned before, but good to address again, אמר is a Derivational Variant of the מר family. The DV is a targeting or individualizing of an action. Here is the מר family, which is best known from the first stop in the Exodus.

⦁ Exodus 15:22-23

22 So Moses brought Israel from the Red Sea; then they went out into the Wilderness of Shur. And they went three days in the wilderness and found no water. 23 Now when they came to Marah (h4785. מָרָה mârâ), they could not drink the waters of Marah(h4785. מָרָה mârâ), for they (~~were~~) bitter (h4751. מַר mar). Therefore the name of it was called Marah (h4785. מָרָה mârâ). (This is a fourfold occurrence.)

• מַר-[phrase] angry, bitter(-ly, -ness), chafed, discontented, [idiom] great, heavy.

• מַר-drop.

• מֹר-myrrh.

h4751. מַר mar; or (feminine) מָרָה marah; from h4843. מָרַר mârar

GV p.144 מרר arouse [bitterness]; p.143 מרה oppose; p.143 מרא expand [enlarge]; p.137 מור exchange; p.105 ימר exchange; ¿ p.157 נמר spotting?

DV אמר – p.144 מרר arouse [bitterness]; p.143 מרה oppose; p.137 מור exchange > p.12 אמר organize speech to be heard and understood

DV המר – p.144 מרר arouse [bitterness]; p.143 מרה oppose; p.137 מור exchange > p.60 המר heap

DV מהר – p.144 מרר arouse [bitterness]; p.143 מרה oppose; p.137 מור exchange > p.136 מהר hasten to act, usually to cement a relationship

DV מאר – p.144 מרר arouse [bitterness]; p.143 מרה oppose > p.135 מאר perforate; destroy

CM (מרר none listed); מרה and מרא spread (B69); (מור none listed); ימר effect change (C33); (נמר none listed); אמר and המר bring together (A42); מאר and מהר move in directed manner (B51)

¿ something along the lines of “deep feelings” ? Which may go along with recent thoughts of “house.”

⦁ Psalms 92:1-3

A Psalm. A Song for the Sabbath day.

1 It is good to give thanks to the LORD,

And to sing praises to Your name, O Most High;

2 To declare Your lovingkindness in the morning,

And Your faithfulness every night,

3 On an instrument of ten strings,

On the lute,

And on the harp,

With {harmonious sound} (h1902. הִגָּיוֹן hig̱âyôn).

Here I share a personal one-time experience. I visited a gathering at an Orthodox Jewish congregation during which the members participated in a chant or harmonization that I can only say touched deeply into my soul. It was a deep-throated thrumming, the kind that sets up a vibration, having an existence of its own. I do not know if that is a common practice, but it has stayed with me ever since, a meaningful experience, a witness.
If you have never gone beyond your own denomination, this writer encourages you to have other experiences to recognize that people worship One God in many different ways.

Cognate חכה

🅐 waiting – as above

⦁ Psalms 106:9-15

9 He rebuked the Red Sea also, and it dried up;

So He led them through the depths,

As through the wilderness.

10 He saved them from the hand of him who hated them,

And redeemed them from the hand of the enemy.

11 The waters covered their enemies;

There was not one of them left.

12 Then they believed His words;

They sang His praise.

13 They soon forgot His works;

They did not wait (h2442. חָכָה ḥâḵâ) for His counsel,

14 But lusted exceedingly in the wilderness,

And tested God in the desert.

15 And He gave them their request,

But sent leanness into their soul.

🅑 lying in ambush

⦁ Hosea 6:4-11

4 “O Ephraim, what shall I do to you?

O Judah, what shall I do to you?

For your faithfulness is like a morning cloud,

And like the early dew it goes away.

5 Therefore I have hewn them by the prophets,

I have slain (~~them~~) by the words of My mouth;

And your judgments are (~~like~~) light that goes forth.

6 For I desire mercy and not sacrifice,

And the knowledge of God more than burnt offerings.

7 “But like men they transgressed the covenant;

There they dealt treacherously with Me.

8 Gilead is a city of evildoers

And defiled with blood.

9 As bands of robbers {lie in wait} (h2442. חָכָה ḥâḵâ) for a man,

So the company of priests murder on the way to Shechem;

Surely they commit lewdness.

10 I have seen a horrible thing in the house of Israel:

There is the harlotry of Ephraim;

Israel is defiled.

11 Also, O Judah, a harvest is appointed for you,

When I return the captives of My people.

Deuteronomy 22:8

8 כִּ֤י תִבְנֶה֙ בַּ֣יִת חָדָ֔שׁ וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מַעֲקֶ֖ה לְגַגֶּ֑ךָ וְלֹֽא־תָשִׂ֤ים דָּמִים֙ בְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָ כִּֽי־יִפֹּ֥ל הַנֹּפֵ֖ל מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ ס

גג

▸ h1406. גָּג g̱âg̱; probably by reduplication from h1342. גָּאָה g̱â’â; a roof; by analogy, the top of an altar: — roof (of the house), (house) top (of the house).

▸ h1342. גָּאָה g̱â’â; a primitive root; to mount up; hence, in general, to rise, (figuratively) be majestic: — gloriously, grow up, increase, be risen, triumph.

AV (7) – triumph 2, gloriously 2, risen 1, grow up 1, increase 1;

to rise up, grow up, be exalted in triumph(Qal)to rise upto grow upto be lifted up, be raised up, be exalted

EDBH says from גגג

🅐 roof; cover

Deuteronomy 22:8, of course, is our index verse.

⦁ Numbers 29:13 Part of the Feast of Tabernacles celebration

13 You shall present a burnt offering, an offering made by fire as a sweet aroma to the LORD: thirteen young bulls, two rams, and fourteen lambs in their first year. They shall be without blemish.

Numbers 29:13

13 וְהִקְרַבְתֶּ֨ם עֹלָ֜ה אִשֵּׁ֨ה רֵ֤יחַ נִיחֹ֨חַ֙ לַֽיהוָ֔ה פָּרִ֧ים בְּנֵי־בָקָ֛ר שְׁלֹשָׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אֵילִ֣ם שְׁנָ֑יִם כְּבָשִׂ֧ים בְּנֵֽי־שָׁנָ֛האַרְבָּעָ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר תְּמִימִ֥ם יִהְיֽוּ׃

No word connection seen here, likely the “sense,” or “theme” of the verse. Perhaps a thematic connection to the binding of Isaac.

🅑 supreme leader

⦁ Ezekiel 38:1-3

1 Now the word of the LORD came to me, saying, 2 “Son of man, set your face against Gog (h1463. גּוֹג gôg̱), of the land of Magog (h4031. מָגוֹג mâg̱ôg̱), the prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal, and prophesy against him, 3 and say, ‘Thus says the Lord GOD: “Behold, I am against you, O Gog (h1463. גּוֹג gôg̱), the prince of Rosh, Meshech, and Tubal. Threefold occurrence

For those not aware, Gog and Magog also appear in Revelation 20:7-8.

⦁ Numbers 11:28-29

28 So Joshua the son of Nun, Moses’ assistant, one of his choice men, answered and said, “Moses my lord, forbid them!”

29 Then Moses said to him, “Are you zealous for my sake? Oh, that all the LORD’s people were prophets and that the LORD would put His Spirit upon them!”

Numbers 11:29

29 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לוֹ֙ מֹשֶׁ֔ה הַֽמְקַנֵּ֥א אַתָּ֖ה לִ֑י וּמִ֨י יִתֵּ֜ן כָּל־עַ֤ם יְהוָה֙ נְבִיאִ֔ים כִּי־יִתֵּ֧ן יְהוָ֛ה אֶת־רוּחֹ֖ו עֲלֵיהֶֽם׃

This writer has an idea where EDBH might be going with this verse, but it is both quite a stretch and would stir up strife, so best left unsaid. The sense of the verse will suffice.

This is a challenging root listing. Here is additional help. Clines has this for גג:

⦁ Judges 9:50-55

50 Then Abimelech went to Thebez, and he encamped against Thebez and took it. 51 But there was a strong tower in the city, and all the men and women—all the people of the city—fled there and shut themselves in; then they went up to the top (h1406. גָּגg̱âg̱) of the tower. 52 So Abimelech came as far as the tower and fought against it; and he drew near the door of the tower to burn it with fire. 53 But a certain woman dropped an upper millstone on Abimelech’s head and crushed his skull. 54 Then he called quickly to the young man, his armorbearer, and said to him, “Draw your sword and kill me, lest men say of me, ‘A woman killed him.'” So his young man thrust him through, and he died. 55 And when the men of Israel saw that Abimelech was dead, they departed, every man to his place.

It is interesting that this man’s prejudice live on, not only today, but is referred back to in Scripture. (See 2S11:21)

⦁ 2 Samuel 18:24-27

24 Now David was sitting between the two gates. And the watchman went up to the roof (h1406. גָּג g̱âg̱) over the gate, to the wall, lifted his eyes and looked, and there was a man, running alone. 25 Then the watchman cried out and told the king. And the king said, “If he (is) alone, (~~there is~~) news (h1309. בְּשׂוֹרָה ḇeśôrâ) in his mouth.” And he came rapidly and drew near.

26 Then the watchman saw (~~another~~) man running, and the watchman called to the gatekeeper and said, “There is (~~another~~) man, running alone!”

And the king said, “He also brings news (h1319. בָּשַׂר ḇâśar).”

27 So the watchman said, “I think the running of the first is like the running of Ahimaaz the son of Zadok.”

And the king said, “He (is) a good man, and comes with good (h2896. טוֹב ṭôḇ) news (h1309. בְּשׂוֹרָה ḇeśôrâ).”

I simply point out the threefold appearance of the root בשׂר here, which is both tidings (not necessarily “good,” as you see) and “flesh.”

These are the words translated as gospel in the Greek Scriptures.

As you know, if you have read the background information in the website, the writer has used an ancient version of the book of Matthew in Hebrew (see Howard in Bibliography).

Just for the reader’s, now more grounded, information, of the four occurrences above in Howard, the last two are בשורה and the first two take the form ומבשר, remembering that מ is “that which emanates from an object or person”.

A recent gift from a friend, recently referenced, a modern back-translation into Hebrew (The Delitzsch Hebrew Gospels, Vine of David, United States/Israel – Thank you, friend.) in 4:23 has ויבשׂר, in 9:35 and 24:14 has בשׂורת, and in 26:13 is in the form הבשׂורת.

⦁ 2 Kings 23:12

12 The altars that were on the roof (h1406. גָּג g̱âg̱), the upper chamber of Ahaz, which the kings of Judah had made, and the altars which Manasseh had made in the two courts of the house of the LORD, the king broke down and pulverized there, and threw their dust into the Brook Kidron.

⦁ Exodus 30:1-6 – (NKJV – The Altar of Incense Ex. 37:25–28) Tabernacle

1 “You shall make an altar to burn incense on; you shall make it of acacia wood. 2 A cubit shall be its length and a cubit its width—it shall be square—and two cubits shall be its height. Its horns shall be of one piece with it. 3 And you shall overlay its top(h1406. גָּג g̱âg̱), its sides all around, and its horns with pure gold; and you shall make for it a molding of gold all around. 4 Two gold rings you shall make for it, under the molding on both its sides. You shall place them on its two sides, and they will be holders for the poles with which to bear it. 5 You shall make the poles of acacia wood, and overlay them with gold. 6 And you shall put it before the veil that is before the ark of the Testimony, before the mercy seat that is over the Testimony, where I will meet with you.

⦁ Exodus 37:25-28 (NKJV Making the Altar of Incense Ex. 30:1–5) Tabernacle

25 He made the incense altar of acacia wood. Its length was a cubit and its width a cubit—it was square—and two cubits was its height. Its horns were of one piece with it. 26 And he overlaid it with pure gold: its top (h1406. גָּג g̱âg̱), its sides all around, and its horns. He also made for it a molding of gold all around it. 27 He made two rings of gold for it under its molding, by its two corners on both sides, as holders for the poles with which to bear it. 28 And he made the poles of acacia wood, and overlaid them with gold.

We really must get to the entry on Acacia Wood. For now, spoiling the punchline because it is so important here, the basis, the foundation, for which the גג is the top, is Acacia (h7848. שִׁטָּה šiṭâ) from שטט scourge.

גגי comes up five times, all in Esther. These are references to Haman the Agagite.

▸ h0091. אֲגָגִי ’ăg̱âg̱iy; patrial or patronymic from h0090. אֲגַג ’ăg̱ag̱; an Agagite or descendent (subject) of Agag: — Agagite.

AV (5) – Agagite 5; Agagite = “I will overtop”

▸ h0090. אֲגַג ’ăg̱ag̱; or אֲגָג ’Agag; of uncertain derivation (compare 89); flame; Agag, a title of Amalekitish kings: — Agag.

AV (8) – Agag 8; Agag = “I will overtop”

king of Amalek, spared by Saul but slain by Samuel

▸ h0089. אָגֵא ’âg̱ê’; of uncertain derivation (compare 90); Age, an Israelite: — Agee.

AV (1) – Agee 1; Agee = “I shall increase”

father of a warrior of David

You should look up the occurrences of Agag in Scripture.
And please recall that Amalek is the one oppressing the weak, weary, and stragglers, whom the LORD serves to protect. The LORD as a stated battle against Amalek (Ex17:16).

Assuming that you would want none in your house to be like any of these bad boys.

In case Strongs is correct גאה (and they are likely all related)

🅐 towering above

⦁ Exodus 15:1-2 – (NKJV The Song of Moses Ex. 14:13, 14; Ps. 78:12–14)

1 Then Moses and the children of Israel sang this song to the LORD, and spoke, saying:

“I will sing to the LORD,

For He has triumphed (h1342. גָּאָה g̱â’â) gloriously (h1342. גָּאָה g̱â’â)!

The horse and its rider

He has thrown into the sea!

2 The LORD is my strength and song,

And He has become my salvation;

He is my God, and I will praise Him;

My father’s God, and I will exalt Him.

⦁ Exodus 15:7

7 And in the greatness of Your excellence (h1347. גָּאוֹן g̱â’ôn)

You have overthrown those who rose against You;

You sent forth Your wrath;

It consumed them like stubble.

🅑 being proud

⦁ Psalms 47:1-4

To the Chief Musician. A Psalm of the sons of Korah.

1 Oh, clap your hands, all you peoples!

Shout to God with the voice of triumph!

2 For the LORD Most High is awesome;

He is a great King over all the earth.

3 He will subdue the peoples under us,

And the nations under our feet.

4(5H) He will choose our inheritance for us,

The excellence (h1347. גָּאוֹן g̱â’ôn) of Jacob whom He loves.

Selah

🅒 growing up

⦁ Job 8:11

11 “Can the papyrus {grow up} (h1342. גָּאָה g̱â’â) without a marsh?

Can the reeds flourish without water?

🅓 grandeur

⦁ Psalms 89:9

9 You rule the raging (h1348. גֵּאוּת g̱ê’ûṯ) of the sea;

When its waves rise, You still them.

🅔 majesty; eminence

⦁ Deuteronomy 33:29

29 Happy are you, O Israel!

Who is like you, a people saved by the LORD,

The shield of your help

And the sword of your majesty (h1346. גַּאֲוָה g̱a’ăwâ)!

Your enemies shall submit to you,

And you shall tread down their high places.”

🅕 arrogance

⦁ Psalms 31:23

23 Oh, love the LORD, all you His saints!

For the LORD preserves the faithful,

And fully repays the proud (h1346. גַּאֲוָה g̱a’ăwâ) person.

Certainly we encourage our children toward excellence, but we must always give them limits, the limits of not oppressing others, in their hubris. We must tame the ego monster.

Deuteronomy 22:8

8 כִּ֤י תִבְנֶה֙ בַּ֣יִת חָדָ֔שׁ וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מַעֲקֶ֖ה לְגַגֶּ֑ךָ וְלֹֽא־תָשִׂ֤ים דָּמִים֙ בְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָ כִּֽי־יִפֹּ֥ל הַנֹּפֵ֖ל מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ ס

⦁ Deuteronomy 22:8

8 When you build (h1129. בָּנָה ḇânâ) a new (h2319. חָדָשׁ ḥâḏâš) house (h1004. בַּיִתḇayiṯ), make a {parapet around} (h4624. מַעֲקֶה ma‘ăqeh) your roof (h1406. גָּג g̱âg̱) so that you {may not bring} (h7760. שׂוּם śûm) the {guilt of bloodshed} (דָּמִים֙ h1818. דָּםḏâm) on your house (h1004. בַּיִת ḇayiṯ) if someone (h5307. נָפַל nâp̱al) falls (h5307. נָפַלnâp̱al) from (h4480. מִן min) it.

וְלֹֽא־תָשִׂ֤ים

The attached ולא is “and not.” Notice that really the entire phrase “so that you may” is really added. It could easily read “••• around your roof and not set up bloodguilt •••”

▸ BDB שׂים

GLOSS qal: put, place, set (up); arrange; establish; qal passive: be set (up); hiphil: set oneself; hophal: be placed

PARSING Hebrew, verb, qal, imperfect, 2nd person, masculine, singular

CODE@vqi2ms

NOTE this is not among the most common words for bring. This has more the sense here (note addressed to “you singular,” of bringing about, establishing, being a set up for•••

Deuteronomy 22:8

8 כִּ֤י תִבְנֶה֙ בַּ֣יִת חָדָ֔שׁ וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מַעֲקֶ֖ה לְגַגֶּ֑ךָ וְלֹֽא־תָשִׂ֤ים דָּמִים֙ בְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָ כִּֽי־יִפֹּ֥ל הַנֹּפֵ֖ל מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ ס

דָּמִים֙

This word is already explained very thoroughly in Post 14. Synthetic Grasp of Life, one of the chapters in this writer’s dissertation. Search the website for bloodguilt, and you will be taken right there. Suggestion: read that entire chapter if you want to understand Scripture. It is likely one of the most critical pieces, and will fit right into this discussion. Know that this writer looked up every passage with the occurrence of דמים for that discussion. (An unusual formation, literally the plural of blood דם, thus “bloods.”)

Deuteronomy 22:8

8 כִּ֤י תִבְנֶה֙ בַּ֣יִת חָדָ֔שׁ וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מַעֲקֶ֖ה לְגַגֶּ֑ךָ וְלֹֽא־תָשִׂ֤ים דָּמִים֙ בְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָ כִּֽי־יִפֹּ֥ל הַנֹּפֵ֖ל מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ ס

⦁ Deuteronomy 22:8

8 When you build (h1129. בָּנָה ḇânâ) a new (h2319. חָדָשׁ ḥâḏâš) house (h1004. בַּיִתḇayiṯ), make a {parapet around} (h4624. מַעֲקֶה ma‘ăqeh) your roof (h1406. גָּג g̱âg̱) so that you may not bring the {guilt of bloodshed} (דָּמִים֙ h1818. דָּם ḏâm) {on your house} (בְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָ h1004. בַּיִת ḇayiṯ) if someone (h5307. נָפַל nâp̱al) falls (h5307. נָפַל nâp̱al) from (h4480. מִן min) it.

בביתך

House has already been covered בית above. The ך suffix is the second person masculine singular, once again talking specifically to you, not a group, but an individual.

The only recommended change in this translation after many hours recently in trying to grasp the Hebraic understanding of ב is to say “in your house” rather than “on your house.” It is this writer’s opinion (accept or not, as you will) that the intention of the original author was clearly spelled out with ב rather than על, which would be “on” or “upon.” And this is another piece of the thinking here that the verse is about putting limits on those within the household, making certain that pride does not become a defining characteristic of the family.

Deuteronomy 22:8

8 כִּ֤י תִבְנֶה֙ בַּ֣יִת חָדָ֔שׁ וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מַעֲקֶ֖ה לְגַגֶּ֑ךָ וְלֹֽא־תָשִׂ֤ים דָּמִים֙ בְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָ כִּֽי־יִפֹּ֥ל הַנֹּפֵ֖ל מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ ס

⦁ Deuteronomy 22:8

Most English versions struggle with כִּֽי־יִפֹּ֥ל הַנֹּפֵ֖ל and translate similarly to the above, simply ignoring the fact that the verb נפל occurs here twice, back to back.

כי has already been discussed above – recall “be the cause.”

First נפל, which is יִפֹּ֥ל

▸ BDB נפל

GLOSS qal: fall; lie; hithpael: lie prostrate; hiphil: cause to fall; apportion; pilel: fall

PARSING Hebrew, verb, qal, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular

CODE@vqi3ms

Second נפל, which is הַנֹּפֵ֖ל

▸ BDB All Results: נפל הַ

הַ

GLOSS the

PARSING Hebrew, particle, definite article

CODE@Pa

נפל

GLOSS qal: fall; lie; hithpael: lie prostrate; hiphil: cause to fall; apportion; pilel: fall

PARSING Hebrew, verb, qal, participle, masculine, singular, absolute

CODE@vqPmsa

Please do not misinterpret. It is not this writer’s intent to say that the interpreters, including the Masoretes who placed the pointings, have it wrong. The intent is simply to make you, the reader, aware, that this is a troublesome little wording (see Hirsch excerpt above) and rather than the ה being the definitive article, it could be making a hiphil (causative) stem. Warning, there is a section below of Hebrew teaching. Apologies to those who are not so inclined. Simply scan down the tables and see that (but for vowel markings), this form הנפל could be a hiphil stem, therefore suggesting causation. End of comment.

https://uhg.readthedocs.io/en/latest/stem_hiphil.html

Stem Hiphil¶

Summary¶

The Hiphil stem generally expresses causative action in active voice, but it can also express other kinds of verbal action depending on the context and the specific verb.

Article¶

The Hiphil form is a verbal stem formation in Biblical Hebrew, usually indicated by a הִprefix before the 1st radical and a hireq-yod (or sometimes tsere) vowel under the 2nd radical of the verb. (This ה changes in the participle and Imperfect forms.) The Hiphil stem is generally used to express causative action in active voice. In many cases the noun derived from the same root is the object or result of the hiphil verb associated with that root. For example, the Hiphil verb הִמְטִיר means “to cause to rain down”; the noun מָטָר means “rain”.

Note

It is recommended to always check a dictionary or lexicon for the meaning of a specific verb, because this stem may express many different kinds of action in different contexts.

Form¶

Paradigm¶

Hiphil Perfect Paradigm¶

Parsing	Hebrew	Transliteration	Gloss
masculine singular third person	הִקְטִיל	hiqtil	he caused to kill
feminine singular third person	הִקְטִילָה	hiqtilah	she caused to kill
masculine singular second person	הִקְטַלְתָּ	hiqtalta	you caused to kill
feminine singular second person	הִקְטַלְתְּ	hiqtalt	you caused to kill
common singular first person	הִקְטַלְתִּי	hiqtalti	I caused to kill
common plural third person	הִקְטִילוּ	hiqtilu	they caused to kill
masculine plural second person	הִקְטַלְתֶּם	hiqtaltem	you caused to kill
feminine plural second person	הִקְטַלְתֶּן	hiqtalten	you caused to kill
common plural first person	הִקְטַלְנוּ	hiqtalnu	we caused to kill

Hiphil Imperfect Paradigm¶

Parsing	Hebrew	Transliteration	Gloss
masculine singular third person	יַקְטִיל	yaqtil	he will cause to kill
feminine singular third person	תַּקְטִיל	taqtil	she will cause to kill
masculine singular second person	תַּקְטִיל	taqtil	you will cause to kill
feminine singular second person	תַּקְטִילִי	taqtili	you will cause to kill
common singular first person	אַקְטִיל	‘aqtil	I will cause to kill
masculine plural third person	יַקְטִילוּ	yaqtilu	they will cause to kill
feminine plural third person	תַּקְטֵלְנָה	taqtelenah	they will cause to kill
masculine plural second person	תַּקְטִילוּ	taqtilu	you will cause to kill
feminine plural second person	תַּקְטֵלְנָה	taqtelenah	you will cause to kill
common plural first person	נַקְטִיל	naqtil	we will cause to kill

Hiphil Sequential Perfect Paradigm¶

Parsing	Hebrew	Transliteration	Gloss
masculine singular third person	וְהִקְטִיל	wehiqtil	(and) he will cause to kill
feminine singular third person	וְהִקְטִילָה	wehiqtilah	(and) she will cause to kill
masculine singular second person	וְהִקְטַלְתָּ	wehiqtalta	(and) you will cause to kill
feminine singular second person	וְהִקְטַלְתְּ	wehiqtalt	(and) you will cause to kill
common singular first person	וְהִקְטַלְתִּי	wehiqtalti	(and) I will cause to kill
common plural third person	וְהִקְטִילוּ	wehiqtilu	(and) they will cause to kill
masculine plural second person	וְהִקְטַלְתֶּם	wehiqtaltem	(and) you will cause to kill
feminine plural second person	וְהִקְטַלְתֶּן	wehiqtalten	(and) you will cause to kill
common plural first person	וְהִקְטַלְנוּ	wehiqtalnu	(and) we will cause to kill

Hiphil Sequential Imperfect Paradigm¶

Parsing	Hebrew	Transliteration	Gloss
masculine singular third person	וַיַּקְטֵל	wayyaqtil	(and) he caused to kill
feminine singular third person	וַתַּקְטֵל	wattaqtil	(and) she caused to kill
masculine singular second person	וַתַּקְטֵל	wattaqtil	(and) you caused to kill
feminine singular second person	וַתַּקְטִילִי	wattaqtili	(and) you caused to kill
common singular first person	וָאַקְטֵל	wa’aqtil	(and) I caused to kill
masculine plural third person	וַיַּקְטִילוּ	wayyaqtilu	(and) they caused to kill
feminine plural third person	וַתַּקְטֵלְנָה	wattaqtelenah	(and) they caused to kill
masculine plural second person	וַתַּקְטִילוּ	wattaqtilu	(and) you caused to kill
feminine plural second person	וַתַּקְטֵלְנָה	wattaqtelenah	(and) you caused to kill
common plural first person	וַנַּקְטֵל	wannaqtil	(and) we caused to kill

Hiphil Infinitive Paradigm¶

Parsing	Hebrew	Transliteration	Gloss
Infinitive Construct	הַקְטִיל	haqtil	cause to kill
Infinitive Absolute	הַקְטֵל	haqtel	cause to kill

Hiphil Imperative Paradigm¶

Parsing	Hebrew	Transliteration	Gloss
masculine singular	הַקְטֵל	haqtel	you must cause to kill
feminine singular	הַקְטִילִי	haqtili	you must cause to kill
masculine plural	הַקְטִילוּ	haqtilu	you must cause to kill
feminine plural	הַקְטֵלְנָה	haqtelenah	you must cause to kill

Hiphil Jussive Paradigm¶

Parsing	Hebrew	Transliteration	Gloss
masculine singular third person	יַקְטֵל	yaqtel	may he cause to kill
feminine singular third person	תַּקְטֵל	taqtel	may she cause to kill
masculine singular second person	תַּקְטֵל	taqtel	may you cause to kill
feminine singular second person	תַּקְטִילִי	taqteli	may you cause to kill
masculine plural third person	יַקְטִילוּ	yaqtelu	may they cause to kill
feminine plural third person	תַּקְטֵלְנָה	taqtelenah	may they cause to kill
masculine plural second person	תַּקְטִילוּ	taqtelu	may you cause to kill
feminine plural second person	תַּקְטֵלְנָה	taqtelenah	may you cause to kill

Hiphil Cohortative Paradigm¶

Parsing	Hebrew	Transliteration	Gloss
common singular first person	אַקְטִילָה	‘aqtilah	let me cause to kill
common plural first person	נַקְטִילָה	naqtilah	let us cause to kill

Hiphil Participle (active voice) Paradigm¶

Parsing	Hebrew	Transliteration	Gloss
masculine singular	מַקְטִיל	maqtil	causing to kill
feminine singular	מַקְטֶלֶת	maqteleth	causing to kill
masculine plural	מַקְטִילִים	maqtilim	causing to kill
feminine plural	מַקְטִילוֹת	maqtiloth	causing to kill

Function¶

The Hiphil stem can express any of the following kinds of verbal action:

Expresses causative action¶

Causative action means that the subject of the verb is causing the object of the verb either to perform the verbal action (for dynamic verb) or to be in the state described by the verb (for stative verbs). The Hiphil stem usually serves this causative function with dynamic verbs (and sometimes with stative verbs also). A good example is the verb בּוֹא. In the Qal stem, the verb בּוֹא expresses the simple action “to come” or “to go”. But in the Hiphil stem, the verb בּוֹא expresses the causative action “to bring” (meaning, to cause something to come/go). In English, causative action is expressed using the main verb “to cause” paired with the infinitive of the verbal action in view. In Biblical Hebrew, the causative nature of the verbal action is expressed by the Hiphil form of the verb itself with no additional verbal element.

Example: GEN 4:3¶

וַיָּבֵ֨א קַ֜יִן מִפְּרִ֧י הָֽאֲדָמָ֛ה מִנְחָ֖ה לַֽיהוָֽה

wayyave qayin mipperi ha’adamah minhah layhwah

And-he-brought Cain from-fruit-of the-ground offering to-Yahweh

Cain brought some of the fruit of the ground as an offering toYahweh.

Example: 1KI 1:43¶

אֲבָ֕ל אֲדֹנֵ֥ינוּ הַמֶּֽלֶךְ־דָּוִ֖ד הִמְלִ֥יךְ אֶת־שְׁלֹמֹֽה

‘aval ‘adonenu hammelekh-dawid himlikh ‘eth-shelomoh

But our-lord the-king_David he-made-king [dir.obj]_Solomon

But king David our lord crowned Solomon king

Expresses various kinds of simple or causative action¶

In Biblical Hebrew, some verbs are found only in the Hiphil stem (and/or its derivative stem formations). In these cases, the Hiphil usually expresses a simple action which is causative by its very nature. A good example is the Hebrew verb סוּת, which occurs only in the Hiphil stem and means “to incite” or “to entice”. A dictionary or lexicon will indicate all the stem formations in which a particular verb is found as well as the appropriate meaning(s).

Example: JER 43:3¶

כִּ֗י בָּרוּךְ֙ בֶּן־נֵ֣רִיָּ֔ה מַסִּ֥ית אֹתְךָ֖ בָּ֑נוּ

ki barukh ben-neriyyah massith ‘othekha banu

for Baruch son-of_Neriah is-inciting [dir.obj]-you in-us

For Baruch son of Neriah is inciting you against us

Some verbs express different meanings in different stem formations. A good example is the verb גָּלָה. In the Qal stem, the verb גָּלָה expresses the simple action “to uncover” or “to reveal”. But in the Hiphil stem, the verb גָּלָה expresses the simple action “to exile”. Again, this will be indicated by a dictionary or lexicon.

Example: AMO 5:27¶

וְהִגְלֵיתִ֥י אֶתְכֶ֖ם מֵהָ֣לְאָה לְדַמָּ֑שֶׂק

wehiglethi ‘ethkhem mehal’ah ledammaseq

And-I-will-exile [dir.obj]-you from-beyond to-Damascus

Therefore I will exile you beyond Damascus

Some verbs express the same meaning in multiple stem formations. A good example is the verb יָדַע, which expresses the causative action “to make known” (meaning, to cause to know) in both the Piel stem and the Hiphil stem. This also will be indicated by a dictionary or lexicon.

Example: PSA 98:2¶

הוֹדִ֣יעַ יְ֭הוָה יְשׁוּעָת֑וֹ

hodia’ yehwah yeshu’atho

He-made-known Yahweh his-salvation

Yahweh has made known his salvation

The Hiphil stem can also be used to express miscellaneous kinds of simple or causative action that might not follow any of the other descriptions listed above. As always, the specific meaning of the verb will be indicated by a dictionary or lexicon.

Hiphil stem expressing idiomatic action:

Example: GEN 6:12¶

וַיַּ֧רְא אֱלֹהִ֛ים אֶת־הָאָרֶץ וְהִנֵּ֣ה נִשְׁחָ֑תָהכִּֽי־הִשְׁחִ֧ית כָּל־בָּשָׂ֛ר אֶת־דַּרְכּ֖וֹ עַל־הָאָרֶץ

wayyar ‘elohim ‘eth-ha’arets wehinneh nishhathah ki-hishhithkol-basar ‘eth-darko ‘al-ha’arets

And-he-saw God [dir.obj]_the-land and-behold it-was-corruptbecause_made-corrupt all_flesh [dir.obj]_his-way on_the-land.

And God saw the land and behold it was corrupt because all fleshhad corrupted its ways upon the land.

Hiphil stem declaring a state rather than expressing an action:

Example: 1KI 8:32¶

לְהַרְשִׁ֣יעַ רָשָׁ֔ע לָתֵ֥ת דַּרְכּ֖וֹ בְּרֹאשׁ֑וֹוּלְהַצְדִּ֣יק צַדִּ֔יק לָ֥תֶת ל֖וֹ כְּצִדְקָתֽוֹ׃

leharshia’ rasha’ latheth darko berosho ulehatsdiq tsaddiqlatheth lo ketsidqatho

to-condemn evil-person to-give his-way on-his-headand-to-declare-righteous righteous-person to-give to-him according-to-his-righteousness

To condemn the evildoer, to punish him according to his actions,and to vindicate the righteous man, to reward him according to his righteousness.

And finally we arrive upon the last word in the verse, ממנו

Deuteronomy 22:8

8 כִּ֤י תִבְנֶה֙ בַּ֣יִת חָדָ֔שׁ וְעָשִׂ֥יתָ מַעֲקֶ֖ה לְגַגֶּ֑ךָ וְלֹֽא־תָשִׂ֤ים דָּמִים֙ בְּבֵיתֶ֔ךָ כִּֽי־יִפֹּ֥ל הַנֹּפֵ֖ל מִמֶּֽנּוּ׃ ס

⦁ Deuteronomy 22:8

BDB מִן

GLOSS from; of; on account of; beside; above; than; since

PARSING Hebrew, particle, preposition, pronomial suffix: 3rd person, masculine, singular

CODE@PpX3ms

You will not have to suffer through 161 verses in context on this, but this writer will investigate further because the first few verses, and especially the first verse where it occurs is one of the most important in Scripture to understand. And in the first occurrence, it is a double , two witnesses in the same verse. Realize that the English translations with Strongs numbers pretty much ignore the prepositions, presumably to avoid cluttering the screen. This is why it was important to go to AlHaTorah.

⦁ Genesis 2:16-17

16 And the LORD God commanded the man, saying, “Of every tree of the garden you may freely eat; 17 but of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat ((of it))(ממנו), for in the day that you eat {of it}(ממנו) you shall surely die.”

Genesis 2:17

17 וּמֵעֵ֗ץ הַדַּ֨עַת֙ טֹ֣וב וָרָ֔ע לֹ֥א תֹאכַ֖ל מִמֶּ֑נּוּ כִּ֗י בְּיֹ֛ום אֲכָלְךָ֥ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ מֹ֥ות תָּמֽוּת׃

▸ BDB מִן

GLOSS from; of; on account of; beside; above; than; since

PARSING Hebrew, particle, preposition, pronomial suffix: 3rd person, masculine, singular

CODE@PpX3ms

⦁ Genesis 3:2-3

2 And the woman said to the serpent, “We may eat the fruit of the trees of the garden; 3 but of the fruit of the tree which is in the midst of the garden, God has said, ‘You shall not eat {(of) it}(ממנו), nor shall you touch it, lest you die.'”Genesis 3:3

3 וּמִפְּרִ֣י הָעֵץ֮ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בְּתוֹךְ־הַגָּן֒ אָמַ֣ר אֱלֹהִ֗ים לֹ֤א תֹֽאכְלוּ֙ מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְלֹ֥א תִגְּע֖וּ בֹּ֑ו פֶּן־תְּמֻתֽוּן׃

▸ BDB מִן

GLOSS from; of; on account of; beside; above; than; since

PARSING Hebrew, particle, preposition, pronomial suffix: 3rd person, masculine, singular

CODE@PpX3ms

⦁ Genesis 3:4-5

4 Then the serpent said to the woman, “You will not surely die. 5 For God knows that in the day you eat {of it}(ממנו) your eyes will be opened, and you will be like God, knowing good and evil.”

Genesis 3:5

5 כִּ֚י יֹדֵ֣עַ אֱלֹהִ֔ים כִּ֗י בְּיוֹם֙ אֲכָלְכֶ֣ם מִמֶּ֔נּוּ וְנִפְקְח֖וּ עֵֽינֵיכֶ֑ם וִהְיִיתֶם֙ כֵּֽאלֹהִ֔ים יֹדְעֵ֖י טֹ֥וב וָרָֽע׃

▸ BDB מִן

GLOSS from; of; on account of; beside; above; than; since

PARSING Hebrew, particle, preposition, pronomial suffix: 3rd person, masculine, singular

CODE@PpX3ms

⦁ Genesis 3:11

11 And He said, “Who told you that you were naked? Have you eaten from the tree of which I commanded you that you should (ממנו) not eat?”

Genesis 3:11

11 וַיֹּ֕אמֶר מִ֚י הִגִּ֣יד לְךָ֔ כִּ֥י עֵירֹ֖ם אָ֑תָּה הֲמִן־הָעֵ֗ץ אֲשֶׁ֧ר צִוִּיתִ֛יךָ לְבִלְתִּ֥י אֲכָל־מִמֶּ֖נּוּ אָכָֽלְתָּ׃

▸ BDB מִן

GLOSS from; of; on account of; beside; above; than; since

PARSING Hebrew, particle, preposition, pronomial suffix: 3rd person, masculine, singular

CODE@PpX3ms

A bit tricky for English – notice there is לבלתי, which is prefix ל “to or toward” plus בלתיone of the words for “not” (deserves a study unto itself). So, “to not” followed by “eat from it” followed by another “eat.” Some would likely render it “surely not eat.”

⦁ Genesis 3:17

17 Then to Adam He said, “Because you have heeded the voice of your wife, and have eaten from the tree of which I commanded you, saying, ‘You shall not eat of it’:

“Cursed is the ground for your sake;

In toil you shall eat {of it}(ממנו)

All the days of your life.

Genesis 3:17

17 וּלְאָדָ֣ם אָמַ֗ר כִּֽי־שָׁמַעְתָּ֮ לְקֹ֣ול אִשְׁתֶּךָ֒ וַתֹּ֨אכַל֙ מִן־הָעֵ֔ץ אֲשֶׁ֤ר צִוִּיתִ֨יךָ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר לֹ֥א תֹאכַ֖ל מִמֶּ֑נּוּ אֲרוּרָ֤ההָֽאֲדָמָה֙ בַּֽעֲבוּרֶ֔ךָ בְּעִצָּבוֹן֙ תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֔נָּה כֹּ֖ל יְמֵ֥י חַיֶּֽיךָ׃

▸ BDB מִן

GLOSS from; of; on account of; beside; above; than; since

PARSING Hebrew, particle, preposition, pronomial suffix: 3rd person, masculine, singular

CODE@PpX3ms

⦁ Genesis 3:22

22 Then the LORD God said, “Behold, the man has become like one {of us}(ממנו), to know good and evil. And now, lest he put out his hand and take also of the tree of life, and eat, and live forever”—

Genesis 3:22

22 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר ׀ יְהוָ֣ה אֱלֹהִ֗ים הֵ֤ן הָֽאָדָם֙ הָיָה֙ כְּאַחַ֣ד מִמֶּ֔נּוּ לָדַ֖עַת טֹ֣וב וָרָ֑ע וְעַתָּ֣ה ׀ פֶּן־יִשְׁלַ֣ח יָדֹ֗ו וְלָקַח֙ גַּ֚ם מֵעֵ֣ץהַֽחַיִּ֔ים וְאָכַ֖ל וָחַ֥י לְעֹלָֽם׃

▸ BDB מִן

GLOSS from; of; on account of; beside; above; than; since

PARSING Hebrew, particle, preposition, pronomial suffix: 1st person, common, plural

CODE@PpX1cp

The question that arises in this writer’s mind is whether it is the prefix מ p.299 “That which emanates from an object or person,” plus מן leading to the GV family:

▸ GV p.141 מנן hold back; p.141 מנה apportion [divide and limit]; p.137 מון define [group or species]; p.105 ימן sidle [to the] right

DV אמן – p.141 מנן distance [hold back]; p.141 מנה apportion [divide and limit]; p.137 מון define [group or species] > p.11 אמן depend upon; rely upon

DV מאן – p.141 מנן distance [hold back] > p.135 מאן refuse No other DVs

CM (מנן no cognates); מנה give/withhold (B67); (מון no cognates); ימן hide (C53); (אמןno cognates); (מאן no cognates)

and should consider strongly the effects of מון defining group or species and אמן depending upon; relying upon (as in Amen).

One last verse for now, pertinent to the current discussion:

Mishlei 22:15 (Mikraot Gedolot)

אִוֶּלֶת קְשׁוּרָה בְלֶב נָעַר שֵׁבֶט מוּסָר יַרְחִיקֶנָּה מִמֶּנּוּ.

Proverbs 22:15

15 Foolishness (is) bound up in the heart of a child;

The rod of correction will drive it far from him (ממנו).

For now, for purposes of the Deuteronomy 22:8 study consider that it is at least what is listed in BDB, and perhaps a stronger form. Someday, perhaps a follow up with more on ממנו.

Hopefully you can see how on at least one level, this verse could be talking about setting boundaries in your household, and especially in how you are forming children for future generations. Asking ourselves a question such as, “Am I being the cause of a future need for a ‘corrective cycle’ in how I am forming this generation?” may be a worthwhile consideration.

If you see your child growing up as a ”spoiled brat,” bind Isaac. You will likely do your ”house” and the world a favor.

Blog 91. Parapet around your Roof

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