⦁ Acts 8:26-40 (NKJV – Christ Is Preached to an Ethiopian – cf. Is. 53:7, 8)
26 Now an angel of the Lord spoke to Philip, saying, “Arise and go toward the south along the road which goes down from Jerusalem to Gaza.” This is desert. 27 So he arose and went. And behold, a man of Ethiopia, a eunuch of great authority under Candace the queen of the Ethiopians, who had charge of all her treasury, and had come to Jerusalem to worship, 28 was returning. And sitting in his chariot, he was reading Isaiah the prophet. 29 Then the Spirit said to Philip, “Go near and overtake this chariot.”
30 So Philip ran to him, and heard him reading the prophet Isaiah, and said, “Do you understand what you are reading?”
31 And he said, “How can I, unless someone guides me?” And he asked Philip to come up and sit with him. 32 The place in the Scripture which he read was this:
“He was led as a sheep to the slaughter;
And as a lamb before its shearer is silent,
So He opened not His mouth.
33 In His humiliation (g5014. ταπείνωσις tapeinōsis) His justice was taken away,
And who will declare His generation?
For His life is taken from the earth.” (Is. 53:7, 8)
34 So the eunuch answered Philip and said, “I ask you, of whom does the prophet say this, of himself or of some other man?” 35 Then Philip opened his mouth, and beginning at this Scripture, preached Jesus to him. 36 Now as they went down the road, they came to some water. And the eunuch said, “See, here is water. What hinders me from being baptized?”
37 Then Philip said, “If you believe with all your heart, you may.”
And he answered and said, “I believe that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.”
38 So he commanded the chariot to stand still. And both Philip and the eunuch went down into the water, and he baptized him. 39 Now when they came up out of the water, the Spirit of the Lord caught Philip away, so that the eunuch saw him no more; and he went on his way rejoicing. 40 But Philip was found at Azotus. And passing through, he preached in all the cities till he came to Caesarea.
▸ g5014. ταπείνωσις tapeinōsis; from g5013. ταπεινόω tapeinoō; depression (in rank or feeling): — humiliation, be made low, low estate, vile.
AV (4) – low estate 1, humiliation 1, vile 1, be made low 1;
- lowness, low estate
- metaph.
- spiritual abasement, leading one to perceive and lament his (moral) littleness and guilt
▸ g5013. ταπεινόω tapeinoō; from g5011. ταπεινός tapeinos; to depress; figuratively, to humiliate (in condition or heart): — abase, bring low, humble (self).
AV (14) – humble 6, abase 5, humble (one’s) self 2, bring low 1;
- to make low, bring low
- to level, reduce to a plain
- metaph. to bring into a humble condition, reduce to meaner circumstances
- to assign a lower rank or place to
- to abase
- to be ranked below others who are honoured or rewarded
- to humble or abase myself by humble living
- to lower, depress
- of one’s soul bring down one’s pride
- to have a modest opinion of one’s self
- to behave in an unassuming manner
- devoid of all haughtiness
▸ g5011. ταπεινός tapeinos; of uncertain derivation; depressed, i.e. (figuratively) humiliated (in circumstances or disposition): — base, cast down, humble, of low degree (estate), lowly.
AV (8) – of low degree 2, humble 2, base 1, cast down 1, of low estate 1, lowly 1;
- not rising far from the ground
- metaph.
- as a condition, lowly, of low degree
- brought low with grief, depressed
- lowly in spirit, humble
- in a bad sense, deporting one’s self abjectly, deferring servilely to others
⦁ Isaiah 53:7-8
7 He was oppressed and He was afflicted,
Yet He opened not His mouth;
He was led as a lamb to the slaughter,
And as a sheep before its shearers is silent,
So He opened not His mouth.
8 He was taken from prison (h6115. עֹצֵר ‘ôṣêr) and from judgment,
And who will declare His generation?
For He was cut off from the land of the living;
For the transgressions of My people He was stricken.
⦁ Isaiah 53:7-8
7 נִגַּ֨שׂ וְה֣וּא נַעֲנֶה֮ וְלֹ֣א יִפְתַּח־פִּיו֒ כַּשֶּׂה֙ לַטֶּ֣בַח יוּבָ֔ל וּכְרָחֵ֕ל לִפְנֵ֥י גֹזְזֶ֖יהָ נֶאֱלָ֑מָה וְלֹ֥א יִפְתַּ֖ח פִּֽיו׃
8 מֵעֹ֤צֶר וּמִמִּשְׁפָּט֙ לֻקָּ֔ח וְאֶת־דּוֹרֹ֖ו מִ֣י יְשׂוֹחֵ֑חַ כִּ֤י נִגְזַר֙ מֵאֶ֣רֶץ חַיִּ֔ים מִפֶּ֥שַׁע עַמִּ֖י נֶ֥גַע לָֽמוֹ׃
▸ h6115. עֹצֵר ‘ôṣêr; from h6113. עָצַר ‘âṣar; closure; also constraint: — x barren, oppression, x prison.
AV (3) – oppression 1, barren 1, prison 1;
- restraint, coercion
- restraint, coercion
- barrenness (of womb)
▸ h6113. עָצַר ‘âṣar; a primitive root; to inclose; by analogy, to hold back; also to maintain, rule, assemble: — x be able, close up, detain, fast, keep (self close, still), prevail, recover, refrain, x reign, restrain, retain, shut (up), slack, stay, stop, withhold (self).
AV (46) – shut up 15, stayed 7, retain 3, detain 3, able 2, withhold 2, keep 2, prevail 1, recover 1, refrained 1, reign 1, misc 8;
- to restrain, retain, close up, shut, withhold, refrain, stay, detain
- (Qal)
- to restrain, halt, stop
- to retain
- (Niphal) to be restrained, be stayed, be under restraint
- (Qal)
עצר/ארץ cognate permutations (decisive action)
⦁ Genesis 16:11
11 And the Angel of the LORD said to her:
“Behold, you are with child,j
And you shall bear a son.
You shall call his name Ishmael,
Because the LORD has heard your affliction (h6040. עֲנִי ‘ăniy).
⦁ Genesis 16:11
11 וַיֹּ֤אמֶר לָהּ֙ מַלְאַ֣ךְ יְהוָ֔ה הִנָּ֥ךְ הָרָ֖ה וְיֹלַ֣דְתְּ בֵּ֑ן וְקָרָ֤את שְׁמוֹ֙ יִשְׁמָעֵ֔אל כִּֽי־שָׁמַ֥ע יְהוָ֖ה אֶל־עָנְיֵֽךְ׃
⦁ Deuteronomy 26:7
7 Then we cried out to the LORD God of our fathers, and the LORD heard our voice and looked on our affliction (h6040. עֲנִי ‘ăniy) and our labor and our oppression.
⦁ Deuteronomy 26:7
7 וַנִּצְעַ֕ק אֶל־יְהוָ֖ה אֱלֹהֵ֣י אֲבֹתֵ֑ינוּ וַיִּשְׁמַ֤ע יְהוָה֙ אֶת־קֹלֵ֔נוּ וַיַּ֧רְא אֶת־עָנְיֵ֛נוּ וְאֶת־עֲמָלֵ֖נוּ וְאֶת־לַחֲצֵֽנוּ׃
⦁ Proverbs 16:19
19 Better to be of a humble spirit with the lowly (h6041. עָנִי ‘âniy),
Than to divide the spoil with the proud.
⦁ Proverbs 16:19
19 טֹ֣וב שְׁפַל־ר֭וּחַ אֶת־עֲנָיִ֑ים* מֵֽחַלֵּ֥ק שָׁ֝לָ֗ל אֶת־גֵּאִֽים׃
▸ h6041. עָנִי ‘âniy; from h6031. עָנָה ‘ânâ; depressed, in mind or circumstances (practically the same as 6035, although the margin constantly disputes this, making 6035 subjective and 6041 objective): — afflicted, humble, lowly, needy, poor.
AV (80) – poor 58, afflicted 15, lowly 1, man 1, variant 3;
- poor, afflicted, humble, wretched
- poor, needy
- poor and weak
- poor, weak, afflicted, wretched
- humble, lowly
▸ h6031. עָנָה ‘ânâ; a primitive root (possibly rather ident. with 6030 through the idea of looking down or browbeating); to depress literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive (in various applications, as follows): — abase self, afflict(-ion, self), answer (by mistake for 6030), chasten self, deal hardly with, defile, exercise, force, gentleness, humble (self), hurt, ravish, sing (by mistake for 6030), speak (by mistake for 6030), submit self, weaken, x in any wise.
AV (84) – afflict 50, humble 11, force 5, exercised 2, sing 2, Leannoth 1, troubled 1, weakened 1, misc 11;
- (Qal) to be occupied, be busied with
- to afflict, oppress, humble, be afflicted, be bowed down
- (Qal)
- to be put down, become low
- to be depressed, be downcast
- to be afflicted
- to stoop
- (Niphal)
- to humble oneself, bow down
- to be afflicted, be humbled
- (Piel)
- to humble, mishandle, afflict
- to humble, be humiliated
- to afflict
- to humble, weaken oneself
- (Pual)
- to be afflicted
- to be humbled
- (Hiphil) to afflict
- (Hithpael)
- to humble oneself
- to be afflicted
- (Qal)
- from my two-letter research:
ענה cognate permutations meanings (bring about result) (encourage/discourage) (impact physically emotionally)
- done independently at three separate times. Hopefully you are able to see how they are all intertwined.
Just looking at some “also verses,” which tend to bring the most “hidden meaning.”
⦁ Genesis 1:31
31 Then God saw everything that He had made, and indeed (it was) very good. So the evening and the morning were the sixth day.
⦁ Psalms 119:172
172 My tongue shall speak of Your word,
For all Your commandments are righteousness.
⦁ Psalms 9:12
12 When He avenges blood, He remembers them;
He does not forget the cry of the humble.
⦁ Psalms 34:2
2 My soul shall make its boast in the LORD;
The humble shall hear of it and be glad.
⦁ Psalms 132:1
A Song of Ascents.
1 LORD, remember David
(And) all his afflictions;
⦁ Exodus 23:3
3 You shall not show partiality to a {poor man} (h1800. דַּל ḏal) in his dispute.
- In this verse are no ענה cognates or cognate permutations, even in phrases, but דל “poor/poor one” is used in parallel with derivatives of ענ.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
- This is simply to show the reader that this writer did the background work to show the occurrences of parallelism of דל and ענ:
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
⦁ Deuteronomy 15:4
4 except when there may be no {poor} (h0034. אֶבְיוֹן ’eḇyôn) among you; for the LORD will greatly bless you in the land which the LORD your God is giving you to possess as an inheritance—
Though here there is an ענה cognate permutation “vocabulary word,” as well as two phrases, it is also important to know that אביון is also frequently used in parallel with ענ words.
⦁ Genesis 22:19
19 So Abraham returned to his young men, and they rose and went together to Beersheba; and Abraham dwelt at Beersheba.
⦁ Deuteronomy 3:26
26 “But the LORD was angry with me on your account, and would not listen to me. So the LORD said to me: ‘Enough of that! Speak no more to Me of this matter.
Ethiopian = Cushite
- There are two important things to see here. The first is how mankind has a tendency to look at something that is “different” and consider it as “lessened in value.” The second is to see how what something such as judging value can be passed along through the generations (this should be a “log and speck” moment, seeing that this may be a “log” in our eyes that must be removed – read again as many times before, Matthew 7:1-5.) And this goes back, once again, to the tree of the knowledge of good and evil. This “knowledge” is an assessment of value. This is the tree that belongs only to God. This was/is the failure of Adam and Eve – assigning value. This “assignment of value” issue is also witnessed in the actions of Achan – see Joshua 7:10-26. See ♼ Shinar at the bottom
① “being unnatural”
● Numbers 12
1 Then Miriam and Aaron spoke against Moses because of the Ethiopian (h3569. כּוּשִׁי kûšiy) woman whom he had married; for he had married an Ethiopian (h3569. כּוּשִׁי kûšiy) woman. 2 So they said, “Has the LORD indeed spoken only through Moses? Has He not spoken through us also?” And the LORD heard it. 3 (Now the man Moses was very humble, more than all men who were on the face of the earth.)
4 Suddenly the LORD said to Moses, Aaron, and Miriam, “Come out, you three, to the tabernacle of meeting!” So the three came out. 5 Then the LORD came down in the pillar of cloud and stood in the door of the tabernacle, and called Aaron and Miriam. And they both went forward. 6 Then He said,
“Hear now My words:
If there is a prophet among you,
I, the LORD, make Myself known to him in a vision;
I speak to him in a dream.
7 Not so with My servant Moses;
He is faithful in all My house.
8 I speak with him face to face,
Even plainly, and not in dark sayings;
And he sees the form of the LORD.
Why then were you not afraid
To speak against My servant Moses?”
9 So the anger of the LORD was aroused against them, and He departed. 10 And when the cloud departed from above the tabernacle, suddenly Miriam became leprous, as white as snow. Then Aaron turned toward Miriam, and there she was, a leper. 11 So Aaron said to Moses, “Oh, my lord! Please do not lay this sin on us, in which we have done foolishly and in which we have sinned. 12 Please do not let her be as one dead, whose flesh is half consumed when he comes out of his mother’s womb!”
13 So Moses cried out to the LORD, saying, “Please heal her, O God, I pray!”
14 Then the LORD said to Moses, “If her father had but spit in her face, would she not be shamed seven days? Let her be shut out of the camp seven days, and afterward she may be received again.” 15 So Miriam was shut out of the camp seven days, and the people did not journey till Miriam was brought in again. 16 And afterward the people moved from Hazeroth and camped in the Wilderness of Paran.
② “being inferior”
⦁ Psalms 7:1
A Meditation of David, which he sang to the LORD concerning the words of Cush(h3568. כּוּשׁ kûš), a Benjamite.
1 O LORD my God, in You I put my trust;
Save me from all those who persecute me;
And deliver me,
③ black
⦁ Jeremiah 13:23
23 Can the Ethiopian (h3569. כּוּשִׁי kûšiy) change his skin or the leopard its spots?
Then may you also do good who are accustomed to do evil.
- כוש is never actually translated as “black” in NKJV, but rather as Cush, Ethiopia and Ethiopian, occurring 30 times in NKJV
- כוש cognate permutations (encourage/discourage movement)
▸ h3569. כּוּשִׁי kûšiy; patronymically from 3568; a Cushite, or descendant of Cush: — Cushi, Cushite, Ethiopian(-s).
AV (23) – Ethiopian 15, Cushi 8; Cushi or Ethiopian = see Cushan “their blackness”
- one of the descendants of Cush the grandson of Noah through Ham and a member of that nation or people
- one of Joab’s couriers
- (TWOT) Ethiopian
h3569. כּוּשִׁי kûšiy; patronymically from 3568; a Cushite, or descendant of Cush: — Cushi, Cushite, Ethiopian(-s).
AV (23) – Ethiopian 15, Cushi 8; Cushi or Ethiopian = see Cushan “their blackness”
- one of the descendants of Cush the grandson of Noah through Ham and a member of that nation or people
- one of Joab’s couriers
- (TWOT) Ethiopian
▸ H3569. A. כּוּשִׁי kûšiy masc. proper noun
(Cushite [Ethiopian])
Num. 12:1(KJV, NASB, kûšiyṯ [H3571]); 2 Sam. 18:21-23(KJV, see B),31(KJV, see B),32(KJV, see B); 2 Chr. 12:3; 14:9(8),12(11),13(12); 16:8; 21:16; Jer. 13:23; 38:7,10,12; 39:16; Dan. 11:43; Amos 9:7; Zeph. 2:12.
B. כּוּשִׁי kûšiy masc. proper noun
(Cushi: a messenger)
2 Sam. 18:21-23(NASB, NIV, see A),31(NASB, NIV, see A),32(NASB, NIV, see A).
▸ H3570. A. כּוּשִׁי kûšiy masc. proper noun
(Cushi: great-grandfather of Jehudi)
Jer. 36:14.
B. כּוּשִׁי kûšiy masc. proper noun
(Cushi: father of Zephaniah)
Zeph. 1:1.
▸ h3568. כּוּשׁ kûš; probably of foreign origin; Cush (or Ethiopia), the name of a son of Ham, and of his territory; also of an Israelite: — Chush, Cush, Ethiopia.
AV (30) – Ethiopia 19, Cush 8, Ethiopians 3; Cush = “black” n pr m
- a Benjamite mentioned only in the title of Ps 7
- the son of Ham and grandson of Noah and the progenitor of the southernmost peoples located in Africa
- the peoples descended from Cush n pr loc
- the land occupied by the descendants of Cush located around the southern parts of the Nile (Ethiopia)
▸ H3568. A. כּוּשׁ kûš masc. proper noun
(Cush: son of Ham)
Gen. 10:6-8; 1 Chr. 1:8-10.
B. כּוּשׁ kûš masc. proper noun
(Cush: land or people of Cush)
Gen. 2:13; 2 Kgs. 19:9; Esth. 1:1; 8:9; Job 28:19; Ps. 68:31(32); 87:4; Isa. 11:11; 18:1; 20:3-5; 37:9; 43:3; 45:14; Jer. 46:9; Ezek. 29:10; 30:4,5,9; 38:5; Nah. 3:9; Zeph. 3:10.
C. כּוּשׁ kûš masc. proper noun
(Cush: a Benjamite)
Ps. 7:[title](1).
♼ Shinar
h8152. שִׁנְעָר šin‘âr; probably of foreign derivation; Shinar, a plain in Babylonia: — Shinar.
AV (8) – Shinar 7, Babylonish 1; Shinar = “country of two rivers”
- the ancient name for the territory later known as Babylonia or Chaldea
H8152. שִׁנְעָר šin‘ār: A proper noun designating Shinar, the name of the plain where the city and nation of Babylon were begun by Nimrod (Gen. 10:8-10; 11:2). Shinar lay in the area between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers near the Persian Gulf. Amraphel is listed as an early king (Gen. 14:1, 9). It is rendered “Babylonia” by some translations (e.g., NIV, Babylonia for Shinar, Josh. 7:21; Isa. 11:11; Dan. 9:1; Zech. 5:11). Many great ancient cities were in the area: Akkad, Babylon, Calneh, Erech, Lagash, Nippur.
Concordance
H8152. שִׁנְעָר šin‘ār proper noun
(Shinar, another name for Babylon)
Dictionary
Gen. 10:10; 11:2; 14:1,9; Josh. 7:21; Isa. 11:11; Dan. 1:2; Zech. 5:11.
¿ שנ + ער ?
GV p.266 שׁנן sharpen [focus]; p.266 שׁנה change [repeat]; p.265 שׁנא weaken; p.112 ישׁן weaken [darken]; ¿ p.279 שׂנא reject and distance; hate ?
DV שאן – p.266 שנן sharpen; focus > p.252 שאן quiet; be peaceful and serene
CM שנן focus directly (E48); שנה and שנא and שׂנא distance (E26); ישן strengthen/weaken (C50); שאן quiet/excite (E35)
+
GV p.193 ערר isolate; p.192 ערה bare [make sensitive; absorb impressions]; p.182 עור awaken [absorb external impulse]; p.107 יער collect [liquids; drench]; p.159 נער shake off [discard] No DVs
CM ערר isolate (A54); ערה absorb/expel (A51); עור expose/conceal (A8); יער extend/contain (C16); נער discharge smoothly/violently (D61)
+
- One might want to look up in Scripture “teeth” and “gnashing of teeth.” See שן toòth.
- Those in Shinar concentrate their power by inclusion/exclusion.
- In general governments/kings concentrate their power by inclusion/exclusion.
- The United States is not exempt from this, especially in its current state. Who do we tend to humiliate in order to concentrate our power? See Miriam and Aaron in Numbers 12.
- God looks on the heart, not on the appearance.
Blessings, PG
Ⓒ Copyright Philip E. Gates; LogAndSpeck.com February 2025.
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