⦁ Romans 8:24 NKJV
24 For we were saved in this hope (g1680. ἐλπίς elpis), but hope (g1680. ἐλπίς elpis) that is seen is not hope (g1680. ἐλπίς elpis); for why does one still hope (g1679. ἐλπίζω elpizō) for what he sees?
▸ g1680. ἐλπίς elpis; from a primary ἔλπω elpō (to anticipate, usually with pleasure); expectation (abstractly or concretely) or confidence: — faith, hope.
AV (54) – hope 53, faith 1;
- expectation of evil, fear
- expectation of good, hope
- in the Christian sense
- joyful and confident expectation of eternal salvation
- in the Christian sense
- on hope, in hope, having hope
- the author of hope, or he who is its foundation
- the thing hoped for
▸ g1679. ἐλπίζω elpizō; from g1680. ἐλπίς elpis; to expect or confide: — (have, thing) hope(-d) (for), trust.
AV (32) – trust 18, hope 10, hope for 2, things hoped for 1, vr hope 1;
- to hope
- in a religious sense, to wait for salvation with joy and full confidence
- hopefully to trust in
- (Perhaps another time we can look at g1679. ἐλπίζω elpizō)
⦁ ▸
For g1680. ἐλπίς elpis
⦁ Job 17:15
15 Where then is my hope (h8615. תִּקְוָה ṯiqwâ)?
As for my hope (h8615. תִּקְוָה ṯiqwâ), who can see it?
- In Septuagint (LXX), g1680. ἐλπίς elpis translates several different Hebrew words. The first occurrence in NETS ➔ NKJV (explored in a separate note) is, “Set his heart,” “Lift his soul” נשא נפש Deuteronomy 24:15 – “Hope”
- The two most common words are investigated here: h8615. תִּקְוָה ṯiqwâ and h0982. בָּטַח ḇâṭaḥ (and some derivatives from בטח):
▸ h8615. תִּקְוָה ṯiqwâ; from h6960. קָוָה qâwâ; literally, a cord (as an attachment (compare 6961)); figuratively, expectancy: — expectation ((-ted)), hope, live, thing that I long for.
AV (34) – hope 23, expectation 7, line 2, the thing that I long for 1, expected 1;
- cord
- hope, expectation
- hope
- ground of hope
- things hoped for, outcome
▸ h6960. קָוָה qâwâ; a primitive root; to bind together (perhaps by twisting), i.e. collect; (figuratively) to expect: — gather (together), look, patiently, tarry, wait (for, on, upon).
AV (49) – wait 29, look 13, wait for 1, look for 1, gathered 1, misc 4;
- to wait, look for, hope, expect
- (Qal) waiting (participle)
- (Piel)
- to wait or look eagerly for
- to lie in wait for
- to wait for, linger for
- to collect, bind together
- (Niphal) to be collected
▸ h6961. קָוֶה qâewh; from h6960. קָוָה qâwâ; a (measuring) cord (as if for binding): — line.
AV (3) – variant 3;
- line
▸ h0982. בָּטַח ḇâṭaḥ; a primitive root; properly, to hie for refuge (but not so precipitately as h2620. חָסָה ḥâsâ flee for protection); figuratively, to trust, be confident or sure: — be bold (confident, secure, sure), careless (one, woman), put confidence, (make to) hope, (put, make to) trust.
AV (120) – trust 103, confidence 4, secure 4, confident 2, bold 1, careless 1, hope 1, hoped 1, ones 1, sure 1, women 1;
- to trust
- (Qal)
- to trust, trust in
- to have confidence, be confident
- to be bold
- to be secure
- (Hiphil)
- to cause to trust, make secure
- (Qal)
- (TWOT) to feel safe, be careless
▸ h0987. בַּטֻּחוֹת ḇaṭuḥôṯ; feminine plural from h0982. בָּטַח ḇâṭaḥ; security: — secure.
AV (1) – secure 1;
- security, safety
▸ h0986. בִּטָּחוֹן ḇiṭâḥôn; from h0982. בָּטַח ḇâṭaḥ; trust: — confidence, hope.
AV (3) – confidence 2, hope 1;
- trust, confidence, hope
▸ h4009. מִבְטָח miḇṭâḥ; from h0982. בָּטַח ḇâṭaḥ; properly, a refuge, i.e. (objective) security, or (subjective) assurance: — confidence, hope, sure, trust.
AV (15) – confidence 9, trust 4, sure 1, hope 1;
- trust, confidence, refuge
- act of confiding
- object of confidence
- state of confidence, security
Please notice the relationship in תקוה and בטח in terms of cognate permutations – תקוה includes a cognate permutation of בתח, and see that יבטח ↔︎ תקוה (the imperfect of בטח). We explore יבטח below at ✖︎. Please also be aware that, were it not for the cognate permutation approach, the connection between these words would not be apparent.
תקוה cognate permutations – (free/restrict) (loose/bind)
🤔
⦁ Matthew 16:19
19 And I will give you the keys of the kingdom of heaven, and whatever you bind (g1210. δέω deō) on earth will be bound (g1210. δέω deō) in heaven, and whatever you loose (g3089. λύω lyō) on earth will be loosed (g3089. λύω lyō) in heaven.”
⦁ Matthew 18:18
18 “Assuredly, I say to you, whatever you bind (g1210. δέω deō) on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever you loose (g3089. λύω lyō) on earth will be loosed in heaven.
- LXX bind δέω ➔ h7194. קָשַׁר qâšar and h0631. אָסַר ’âsar, most commonlyאסר
- (Genesis 42:24 NETS
- 24 And turning away from them Ioseph wept. And again he came to them and spoke to them, and he took Symeon from them and bound him before them.
- Genesis 42:24 ESV
- 24 Then he turned away from them and wept. And he returned to them and spoke to them. And he took Simeon from them and bound (h0631. אָסַר ’âsar)him before their eyes.)
- LXX loose λύω ➔ h6605. פָּתַח p̱âṯaḥ and h5394. נָשַׁל nâšal, most commonlyפתח
⦁ Job 38:31
31 “Can you bind (h7194. קָשַׁר qâšar) the cluster of the Pleiades,
Or loose (h6605. פָּתַח p̱âṯaḥ) the belt of Orion?
- p.14 אסר restrain; bind;; limit and hold together (A28)
- p.235 קשר bind;; expand/limit (C22)
- p.209 פתח open;; react to externals (B5)
- p.163 נשל disengage; cut from moorings;; release; unloose (D82)
The focus in this post, related to “hope,” is going to be on “loose.” (Perhaps another time we can investigate “bind,” which likely will begin with looking at Sibilant + Resh since both אסר and קשר include that doublet. The cognate permutation meaning of that doublet is (interconnectedness of order/disorder))
◈ See that פתח and בטח are cognates of one another:
(Notice the פתח listing is missing p.209 פתא surprise; be unprepared and p.210 פתע surprise; act without concern for consequence) (There are common omissions and errors in EDBH that one must be aware of…)
- (Notice the בטח listing is missing p.21 בדה exaggerate and p.20 בדא fabricate; create untruths)
We are talking here of cognate meaning, similar letters in same arrangement – (react to externals) – and not cognate permutation meaning. Cognates have a meaning that is in common. Sometimes they are all very similar. Sometimes they may represent a spectrum, as here, where trusting and the unlisted exaggerate and fabricate represent ideas at either end of a continuum.
Cognate permutations, rearranging the similar letters, more commonly gives a more general idea of the ballpark in which one is playing (spectrum or continuum) and less often a similar meaning. At two different times I have done the cognate permutation meaning for this group, with two meanings that should be considered in terms of what ties them together, and (at least mentally) combined.
- I had a very interesting with a young lady, a friend’s niece, at a gathering today (another witness to this message to me). She had spent a summer internship/mission trip (she is in a Bible college) in Uganda along with 25 other interns. The group spent some time in London on the way back from Uganda. Their leader told the group to “be aware,” while walking about in London, of things that were a great contrast to things that had struck them in Uganda. Awareness, mindfulness, is one of the great lessons of Scripture, and looking at the Hebrew in cognates (sometimes, as here) and more so in cognate permutations, which allows our minds to be open to larger concepts in a continuum or spectrum. Noticing that which has become so commonplace that we have a tendency to take it for granted is a great life lesson. We have spoken before about this as complacency.
- See that עבד cognate permutation group is the פתח / בטח cognate permutation group
פתח / בטח cognate permutation meaning (bind/loose) and another time(positive/negative response to circumstances)
- What is our way of responding to challenges/circumstances in our lives? Do we try to control (bind)?
I ask that you think of the old saying, “If you love something let it go, and if it comes back, it’s yours forever.”
We want so much to hold onto something that we love or desire, but perhaps the best way to deal with it is to set it free. This is part of the lesson of parenting.
How do we “react to externals?” Do we hold on tightly or turn it over to the LORD? Whatever we bind on earth will be bound in heaven, and whatever we loose on earth will be loosed in heaven. Is this not at least an important part of Jacob the “heel-holder’s” (Genesis 25:26) lesson as he wrestled with God and with man? (Genesis 32:5-28).
Is this the lesson of Gethsemane? Not my will, but yours…
Do not cling too tightly to the things of this world.
🤔
Is this a common pronouncement by the Teacher?
⦁ Mark 7:5-9
5 Then the Pharisees and scribes asked Him, “Why do Your disciples not walk according to the tradition of the elders, but eat bread with unwashed hands?”
6 He answered and said to them, “Well did Isaiah prophesy of you hypocrites, as it is written:
‘This people honors Me with their lips,
But their heart is far from Me.
7 And in vain they worship Me,
Teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’
8 For laying aside the commandment of God, you hold the tradition of men—the washing of pitchers and cups, and many other such things you do.”
9 He said to them, “All too well you reject the commandment of God, that you may keep your tradition.
✖︎ יבטח, the “imperfect” form (not-yet-completed action) of בטח
Tanakh (7 results)
1. Melakhim II 18:30 (Mikraot Gedolot)
וְאַל יַבְטַח אֶתְכֶם חִזְקִיָּהוּ אֶל י״י לֵאמֹר הַצֵּל יַצִּילֵנוּ י״י וְלֹא תִנָּתֵן אֶת הָעִיר הַזֹּאת בְּיַד מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר.
⦁ 2 Kings 18:29-30
29 Thus says the king: Do not let Hezekiah deceive you, for he shall not be able to deliver you from his hand; 30 nor let Hezekiah make you trust in the LORD, saying, “The LORD will surely deliver us; this city shall not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria.“‘
2. Yeshayahu 36:15 (Mikraot Gedolot)
וְאַל יַבְטַח אֶתְכֶם חִזְקִיָּהוּ אֶל י״י לֵאמֹר הַצֵּל יַצִּילֵנוּ י״י לֹא תִנָּתֵן הָעִיר הַזֹּאת בְּיַד מֶלֶךְ אַשּׁוּר.
⦁ Isaiah 36:14-15
14 Thus says the king: ‘Do not let Hezekiah deceive you, for he will not be able to deliver you; 15 nor let Hezekiah make you trust in the LORD, saying, “The LORD will surely deliver us; this city will not be given into the hand of the king of Assyria.“‘
3. Yeshayahu 50:10 (Mikraot Gedolot)
מִי בָכֶם יְרֵא י״י שֹׁמֵעַ בְּקוֹל עַבְדּוֹ אֲשֶׁר הָלַךְ חֲשֵׁכִים וְאֵין נֹגַהּ לוֹ יִבְטַח בְּשֵׁם י״י וְיִשָּׁעֵן בֵּאלֹהָיו.
⦁ Isaiah 50:10
10 “Who among you fears the LORD?
Who obeys the voice of His Servant?
Who walks in darkness
And has no light?
Let him trust in the name of the LORD
And rely upon his God.
4. Yirmeyahu 17:5 (Mikraot Gedolot)
כֹּה אָמַר י״י אָרוּר הַגֶּבֶר אֲשֶׁר יִבְטַח בָּאָדָם וְשָׂם בָּשָׂר זְרֹעוֹ וּמִן י״י יָסוּר לִבּוֹ.
5. Yirmeyahu 17:7 (Mikraot Gedolot)
בָּרוּךְ הַגֶּבֶר אֲשֶׁר יִבְטַח בַּי״י וְהָיָה י״י מִבְטַחוֹ.
⦁ Jeremiah 17:5-8
5 Thus says the LORD:
“Cursed is the man who trusts in man
And makes flesh his strength,
Whose heart departs from the LORD.
6 For he shall be like a shrub in the desert,
And shall not see when good comes,
But shall inhabit the parched places in the wilderness,
In a salt land which is not inhabited.
7 “Blessed is the man who trusts in the LORD,
And whose hope is the LORD.
8 For he shall be like a tree planted by the waters,
Which spreads out its roots by the river,
And will not fear when heat comes;
But its leaf will be green,
And will not be anxious in the year of drought,
Nor will cease from yielding fruit.
- ▸ BDB בטח
- GLOSS qal: trust; hiphil: rely upon
- PARSING Hebrew, verb, qal, imperfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular
- CODE@vqi3ms
6. Mishlei 28:1 (Mikraot Gedolot)
נָסוּ וְאֵין רֹדֵף רָשָׁע וְצַדִּיקִים כִּכְפִיר יִבְטָח.
⦁ Proverbs 28:1
1 The wicked flee when no one pursues,
But the righteous are bold as a lion.
7. Iyyov 40:23 (Mikraot Gedolot)
הֵן יַעֲשֹׁק נָהָר לֹא יַחְפּוֹז יִבְטַח כִּי יָגִיחַ יַרְדֵּן אֶל פִּיהוּ.
⦁ Job 40:15-24
15 “Look now at the behemoth, which I made (along) with you;
He eats grass like an ox.
16 See now, his strength is in his hips,
And his power is in his stomach muscles.
17 He moves his tail like a cedar;
The sinews of his thighs are tightly knit.
18 His bones (are like) beams of bronze,
His ribs like bars of iron.
19 He is the first of the ways of God;
Only He who made him can bring near His sword.
20 Surely the mountains yield food for him,
And all the beasts of the field play there.
21 He lies under the lotus trees,
In a covert of reeds and marsh.
22 The lotus trees cover him (with) their shade;
The willows by the brook surround him.
23 Indeed the river may rage,
Yet he is not disturbed;
He is confident, though the Jordan gushes into his mouth,
24 (Though) he takes it in his eyes,
(Or) one pierces (his) nose with a snare.
Behemoth is h0930. בְּהֵמוֹת ḇehêmôṯ; plural of h0929. בְּהֵמָה ḇehêmâ
Impression בהמה cognate permutations (confirm/deny) but, see that בהמותincludes the cognate permutation of בטח/פתח.
Recall that a word with a labial plus a palatal includes the concept of “consequence,” thus תקוה and יבטח include this idea. (קו and יב.) This includes Behemoth בהמות as well.
Hope is a powerful thing. We shared this before:
Hope is trust בטח. Hope gives confidence. Hope makes us bold. Hope should make us open פתח. We must be open to the ways of God.
Hope•••
Ⓒ Copyright Philip E. Gates; LogAndSpeck.com December 2024