אכל is a very common word in Tanakh. And this number does not include other derived nouns such as h0402 אכלה (18 occurrences in ESV Strong’s), h0396 אכילה (1 occ.), h3978 מאכל (4 occ.), h3979 מאכלת, h3980 מאכלת (2 occ.), h4361 מכלת (1 occ.), and others that may be related h8502 תכלה (1 occ.), h8503 תכלית (4 occ.), h8504 תכלת (48 occ.), and h1964 היכל (75 occ.)
- This is the “כל family:”
• כֹּל-(in) all (manner, (ye)), altogether, any (manner), enough, every (one, place, thing), howsoever, as many as, (no-) thing, ought, whatsoever, (the) whole, whoso(-ever).
• כֹּל-all, any, + (forasmuch) as, + be-(for this) cause, every, + no (manner, -ne), + there (where) -fore, + though, what (where, who) -soever, (the) whole. Aramaic
h3605. כֹּל ḵôl
GV p.119 כלל complete [by including everything]; p.118 כלה strive [to attain]; p.118 כלאrestrain [prevent]; p.116 כול contain [a measured quantity]; p.104 יכל prevail; p.156 נכלplot [harm; endanger through veiled acts]
DV p.9 אכל – p.119 כלל complete [by including everything]; p.118 כלה strive [to attain] > p.9 אכל consume No other DVs – BUT see היכל just below
CM כלל encircle (C26); כלה and כלא contain/expose (C25); כול express control (C5); יכל (none listed); נכל (none listed); אכל move directly/circularly (A11)
•1 Samuel 1:9
9 So Hannah arose after they had finished eating and drinking in Shiloh. Now Eli the priest was sitting on the seat by the doorpost (h4201. מְזוּזָה mezûzâ) of the temple (h1964. הֵיכָל hêḵol) of the LORD.
•CWSBD – H1964. הֵיכָל hēyḵāl: A masculine noun meaning temple, palace. The word derives from the word yāḵōl (H3201), meaning to be able and comes from the idea of capacity. It refers to a king’s palace or other royal buildings (1 Kgs. 21:1; Isa. 13:22) and, likely by extension, to the dwelling of God, whether on earth (Ps. 79:1) or in heaven (Isa. 6:1). The word is used of Solomon’s Temple, the second Temple (Ezra 3:6; Neh. 6:10) and also of the Tabernacle. In reference to foreign buildings, it is sometimes difficult to say whether a palace or the temple of a false god is meant (2 Chr. 36:7; Joel 3:5[4:5]). A special usage of the word designates the holy place of the Temple as opposed to the Holy of Holies (1 Kgs. 6:17; Ezek. 41:4, 15).
We have discussed this family many times previously, and my understanding has been shared with you that כל being always translated as “all, every, entire, whole” is likely an oversimplification, and should include the range of meanings in the Variant Family. Likewise (warning, my interpretation!) it is very possible (likely, from my perspective) that the Derivational Variant אכל interpretation as “consume” may give a wrong impression. The explanation will take some effort, but I believe it will be time well spent, and will help us understand much about Scripture. I felt like it was important to delve into this word before moving on to several other important topics I’ve been working on recently, frankly because this word is so common one comes across it in many passages we look at. First, let us look at the three-letter cognate permutations for אכל, some first impressions of an overall meaning, and then tie it to some Scripture.
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אכל Cognate Permutations
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move directly/circularly (A11)
אגל p.2 (drip) move directly/circularly (A11)
איל p.9 (strengthen) move directly/circularly (A11)
אכל p.9 (consume) move directly/circularly (A11)
חיל p.79 (enable; concentrate power and resources) move directly/circularly
(A11)
חכל p.80 (sparkle; emit color) move directly/circularly (A11)
עגל p.179 (circle) move directly/circularly (A11)
עכל (no entry – does not appear in Scripture) (digest) move directly/circularly
(A11)
In modern Hebrew,עכל= digested
עקל p.191 (deviate from straight path) move directly/circularly (A11)
move piecemeal (A61)
הלך p.59 (walk; progress step by step toward a goal) move piecemeal (A61)
חלק (divide) move piecemeal (A61)
עלג (stammer) move piecemeal (A61)
עלק (suck out) move piecemeal (A61)
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activate/deactivate (C2)
גאל p.34 (release; purge) activate/deactivate (C2)
גחל p.39 (extract charred coal) activate/deactivate (C2)
געל p.42 (empty; release from protective cover) activate/deactivate (C2)
יאל p.99 (initiate action; begin a process) activate/deactivate (C2)
יחל p.103 (expect progress) activate/deactivate (C2)
יעל p.106 (progress; flourish) activate/deactivate (C2)
כחל p.117 (project color; paint) activate/deactivate (C2)
קהל p.225 (gather to implement plan) activate/deactivate (C2)
cover/expose (C25)
גלה p.40 (expose; bare) cover/expose (C25)
גלח p.40 (remove hair; expose unprotected skin) cover/expose (C25)
גלע p.40 (reveal; uncover) cover/expose (C25)
ילע p.104 (swallow; chew) cover/expose (C25)
- These are worms slowly eating away at rotten food Ex16:20
כלא p.118 (restrain; prevent) cover/expose (C25)
כלה p.118 (strive to attain) cover/expose (C25)
כלח p.119 (complete) cover/expose (C25)
קלא p.228 (parch) cover/expose (C25)
קלה p.228 (restrain; devalue) cover/expose (C25)
קלח p.228 (contain) cover/expose (C25)
קלע p.228 (cast out) cover/expose (C25)
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act energetically (D44)
לאך p.127 (serve; work which completes goal) act energetically (D44)
- The root for Angel/messenger מלאך
להג p.128 (study intensively) act energetically (D44)
להק p.129 (gather together for study) act energetically (D44)
לחך p.131 (lick vigorously) act energetically (D44)
לעג p.132 (deride; scorn) act energetically (D44)
לקח p.133 (receive; take) (no cognates)
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move directly/circularly (A11)
move piecemeal (A61)
activate/deactivate (C2)
cover/expose (C25)
act energetically (D44)
receive; take (no cognates)
My estimation of meaning of אכל based on these three-letter investigations, the Two-Letter import on the family for כל, and other word combination studies. Hopefully the discussion will help with understanding.
אכל = “consider” // “toward increasing/reducing power”
[[I have done the full two-letter cognate permutation investigation, which I include below. (Teachers always used to say, “show your work.” I suspect it was because when we got a wrong answer, they might b able to tell us where we went wrong. I sow my wok on the associated two-letter cognate permutation roots below, partly so you are aware that it is a big investigation, and partly so that, if you think I am off track, you can show me where it looks like I went wrong. I am not trying to tell you how to believe; I’m trying to get you into understanding of God’s Word. I pray that I never lead anyone astray.
I am influenced by some associated words that are included there, such as the word for king מלך p.140 (consult; consider differing views) determine (B66) and breaking the word into the prefix ל to/toward + כא/כח power. You will also see below a word אך. It is translated many ways, most commonly in NKJV as “surely.” ל to/toward + אך]]
This will all tie in to some upcoming entries on sustenance and satisfaction. It is very hard to separate them and determine what should be presented in what order. Hopefully it will all weave together.
For now, accept a hint that field שדה has to do with sustenance and nourishment, whether you looked at it with a Shin or a Sin, the cognate meaning is search for sustenance (E39) – see שדה p.256 and שׂדה p.274.
⦁ Exodus 23:29-30
29 I will not drive them out from before you in one year, lest the land become desolate and the beasts of the field (h7704. שָׂדֶה śâḏeh) become too numerous for you. 30 Little by little I will drive them out from before you, until you have increased, and you inherit the land.
⦁ Numbers 22:2-4
2 And Balak the son of Zippor saw all that Israel had done to the Amorites. 3 And Moab was in great dread of the people, because they were many. Moab was overcome with fear of the people of Israel. 4 And Moab said to the elders of Midian, “This horde will now lick up (h3897. לָחַךְ lâḥaḵ) all that is around us, as the ox licks up(h3897. לָחַךְ lâḥaḵ) the grass (h3418. יֶרֶק yereq) of the field (h7704. שָׂדֶה śâḏeh).” So Balak the son of Zippor, who was king of Moab at that time, – see that לחך is a cognate permutation of אכל from (D44), and remember discussion of this prophet recently – we will be looking further.
Grass ירק ↓ is a cognate permutation of ככר, a noun from the root כרר p.124 (round);; CM encircle (C43)
See how this noun is formed:
Grass ירק ↓ is also cognate with ירך.
See well the cognate permutation הלך, which we included above in (A61):
הלך p.59 walk; progress step by step toward a goal.
Take note this is not travel faster than light speed, nor wolfing down one’s food. It is a slow, gradual process, rumination. It is the cud-chewers, the ruminators, that show us how to “eat.” It is these that we can “eat אכל.”
We have spoken before about how Creation works, that things that are true in the microcosm are true in the macrocosm, and vice-versa. Under the microscope we see the same patterns that are seen with the telescope. This truth is also of the physical world and the spiritual world. With my background in a medical field, it is very obvious to me (you probably see it as well, maybe not quite as strongly) that our bodies adapt well to gradual change but not so well to rapid change. However, sometimes rapid change is necessary to awaken us to a need for adaptation.
I like going along on my merry way, oblivious to things around me, and sometimes a bomb has to drop for me to recognize the direction my “merry way” is taking me. Or a flood, or a war, or a terrorist event, or a plague. Big life changes open our eyes. One you may be able to relate to is becoming a parent. You thought your life was challenging until you had a child, this little totally dependent creature that depends on you for everything. All of a sudden, what you thought was a busy schedule has been multiplied. All of a sudden, when you thought you didn’t get very good sleep, you find out what hard nights are about. (And we won’t even mention multiple-births.) Let’s just say these are “maturing events,” events that help us with our perspective on things.
When I had a serious bodily injury and became quite dependent upon others for a time, I will say that I became a more compassionate caregiver. It helps us to see things from another viewpoint.
⦁ 1 Corinthians 10:13
- (Please read verses 1-13 – For some non-Christian readers, if the word Christ in the passage is offensive to your teaching. you could mentally substitute the Angel of the LORD, as in many passages in TaNaKh, including the burning bush. That might help you accept the wisdom here.)
13 No testing has overtaken you that is not common to man. God is faithful, and he will not let you be tested beyond your ability, but with the testing he will also provide the way of escape, that you may be able to endure it.
- The Greek word for testing here, g3986. πειρασμός peirasmos shows up as h5254. נָסָה nâsâ in the Hebrew, by way of the Septuagint.
(If you’ve ever seen the image “Footprints in the Sand,” you may recognize it as a parable of this passage.)
Brand: zjsbfo Amazon.com retrieved 221218
The hard times are made no easier physically, as they are our learning experiences. The hard times are times that we are learning to draw closer to God. The key purpose of life is to draw close to God. It is our perspective that must change. The only thing we CAN really change in life is our perspective. We must learn to remove our Log, that which blocks our “seeing.”
I want you to see also how this ties back to Bil’am/Balaam in Blog 114 and the word רגל about which we spoke. If you need to go back, please do, but see: רגל p.239 learn step by step;; CM move carefully (E83).
See also in Nm22:22-35 angel מלאך, from לאך, a permutation of אכל, another root in the list above (D44). Bil’am/Balaam is a prophet. He does נבא p.146 transmit God’s word, but in his way. Notice in that passage I had you read, in Nm22:20 and 22:35 the LORD (יהוה) tells the prophet “only what I tell you.” Once it is “only do what I tell you” (v.20) and once it is “speak only the word that I tell you.” (v.35).
⦁ ▸
The word “only” (NKJV and ESV) is different in these two verses, which confuses the translation. In verse 20, with “do,” is the word h0389. אַךְ ’aḵ:
▸ h0389. אַךְ ’aḵ; akin to h0403. אָכֵן ’âḵên; from h3559. כּוּן kûn; a particle of affirmation, surely; hence (by limitation) only: — also, in any wise, at least, but, certainly, even, howbeit, nevertheless, notwithstanding, only, save, surely, of a surety, truly, verily, + wherefore, yet (but).
AV (22) – also, but, certainly, even, howbeit, least, nevertheless, notwithstanding, only, save, scarce, surely, surety, truly, verily, wherefore, yet;
indeed, surely (emphatic)
howbeit, only, but, yet (restrictive)
▸ h0403. אָכֵן ’âḵên; from h3559. כּוּן kûn (compare 3651); firmly; figuratively, surely; also (advers.) but: — but, certainly, nevertheless, surely, truly, verily.
AV (18) – surely 9, but 3, verily 2, truly 2, certainly 1, nevertheless 1;
surely, truly, indeed
truly, indeed (strong assertive force)
but indeed, but in fact (emphasizing a contrast)
▸ h3559. כּוּן kûn; a primitive root; properly, to be erect (i.e. stand perpendicular); hence (causatively) to set up, in a great variety of applications, whether literal (establish, fix, prepare, apply), or figurative (appoint, render sure, proper or prosperous): — certain(-ty), confirm, direct, faithfulness, fashion, fasten, firm, be fitted, be fixed, frame, be meet, ordain, order, perfect, (make) preparation, prepare (self), provide, make provision, (be, make) ready, right, set (aright, fast, forth), be stable, (e-)stablish, stand, tarry, x very deed.
AV (219) – prepare 85, establish 58, ready 17, stablish 5, provide 5, right 5, fixed 4, set 4, direct 3, order 3, fashion 3, variant 2, certain 2, confirmed 2, firm 2, preparation 2, misc 17;
to be firm, be stable, be established
(Niphal)
to be set up, be established, be fixed
to be firmly established
to be established, be stable, be secure, be enduring
to be fixed, be securely determined
to be directed aright, be fixed aright, be steadfast (moral sense)
to prepare, be ready
to be prepared, be arranged, be settled
(Hiphil)
to establish, set up, accomplish, do, make firm
to fix, make ready, prepare, provide, provide for, furnish
to direct toward (moral sense)
to arrange, order
(Hophal)
to be established, be fastened
to be prepared, be ready
(Polel)
to set up, establish
to constitute, make
to fixto direct
(Pulal) to be established, be prepared
(Hithpolel) to be established, be restored
You can interpret the differences between the words. ⇅
In verse 35, the word is h0657. אֶפֶס ’ep̱es:
▸ h0657. אֶפֶס ’ep̱es; from 656; cessation, i.e. an end (especially of the earth); often used adverb, no further; also (like 6466) the ankle (in the dual), as being the extremity of the leg or foot: — ankle, but (only), end, howbeit, less than nothing, nevertheless (where), no, none (beside), not (any, -withstanding), thing of nought, save(-ing), there, uttermost part, want, without (cause).
AV (43) – ends 13, no 4, none 3, not 3, nothing 2, without 2, else 2, beside 1, but 1, cause 1, howbeit 1, misc. 10;
ceasing, end, finality
▸ h0656. אָפֵס ’âp̱ês; a primitive root; to disappear, i.e. cease: — be clean gone (at an end, brought to nought), fail.
AV (5) – fail 2, gone 1, end 1, brought to nought 1;
(Qal)
to cease, break, come to an end
My interpretation is in verse 20 there is an emphatic, don’t DO anything other than what I tell you to do. And in verse 35, put an end to your speaking after what I tell you to speak. (Please make your own interpretation.)
Balaam makes a big show in public of speaking exactly the LORD what tells him. But privately, as we’ve already covered, he informs Balak “do not face them directly, let the women of Canaan work gradually to bring them down.” (My wording of what Balaam says.) Balaam knows the LORD’s ways, how people accept change when it comes slowly, gradually. This is seen throughout Scripture. People do not always accept it and are given more time, to slowly die out (the extra 40 years in the wilderness). Leaders are the ones who have listened to God and are prepared to move forward with his words (Caleb and Joshua). Back to Bil’am/Balaam for a moment, for there is a great lesson here. First are his Oracles, which are true and powerful and speak even today. Second is where it breaks down. See the definition of the root for prophesy:
נבא prophesy; transmit God’s word;; move/speak directly (D62)
Bil’am’s words did come true. Please read carefully Deuteronomy 18:18-22. Notice the caveat in verse 20:
⦁ Deuteronomy 18:20
20 But the prophet who presumes to speak a word in My name, which I have not commanded him to speak, or who speaks in the name of other gods, that prophet shall die.’
Bil’am/Balaam did speak words that were indeed true, but failed both tests in verse 20, and thus had to die. First, he spoke words the LORD did not command him to speak. Second, which we covered last time in Blog 114, he spoke in the name of two other gods, gods of carnal satisfaction, money and sexual promiscuity. Of course, it is not a secret in today’s world, which again we spoke of last time. The media uses these “gods” continuously, consistently, to sell whatever they are marketing, to the slow and gradual downfall of our world.
See some other ideas that reflect this idea of gradual change. It can be used for good or it can be used for evil. In history, kings would have their daughters or daughters of high officials marry kings of other peoples, hoping to bring the peoples closer together in their thinking (influencing “the world in which they lived”). ((Many examples in history, but in Scripture, see Gn41:45; 1K3:1, 11:1; 2Ch8:11; 1Ch4:18. Sometimes it does not work out well.)) The entire thought of the interaction between Shechem and Dinah shows how there are two ways to look at this, Jacob’s way and the way of Simeon and Levi (Genesis 34). The way it was handled was a debacle. This was not a gradual change, but a cataclysmic event.
Recall that it was Jacob who became “Israel.” The LORD actually tells him twice, first in Gn32:28, and again (¿ a “reminder” ?) in Gn35:10. It is in 32:28 there is an “explanation,”for you have striven with God and with men, and have prevailed.” There was a slow, gradual wrestling with God through the night; there was a slow, gradual wrestling with Laban over twenty years; he is about to interact with Esau, with whom he has been struggling all his life, even in the womb. And after meeting with Esau, there is this; notice the pace:
⦁ Genesis 33:14
14 Let my lord pass on ahead of his servant, and I will lead on slowly, at the pace of the livestock that are ahead of me and at the pace of the children, until I come to my lord in Seir שׂעיר.”
Israel – ישׂראל can be seen as שׂר + איל/אכל – p.9 איל strengthen +
• שַׂר-captain (that had rule), chief (captain), general, governor, keeper, lord,(-task-)master, prince(-ipal), ruler, steward.
• שֹׁר-navel.
h8269. שַׂר śar; from h8323. שָׂרַר śârar; 421 occurrences
h8270. שֹׁר šôr; from h8324. שָׁרַר šârar; Prov. 3:8; Song 7:2(kjv, šōrer [H8326]); Ezek. 16:4.
GV p.271 שׁרר concentrate [strength]; p.271 שׁרה loosen; p.258 שׁור see; p.261 שׁיר sing [out; express thoughts in poetic form]; p.112 ישׁר straighten [strengthen]
GV p.281 שׂרר rule [by exerting exorbitant power]; p.280 שׂרה exert power [rule] p.275 שׂור rule [regulate]
DV אשר – p.271 שרר compress; p.271 שרה loosen; p.258 שור view > p.18 אשר progress; move forward
DV שאר – p.271 שרר compress; p.271 שרה loosen > p.253 שאר complete; complement
No השר and no שהר
CM שׁרר and שׂרר apply/withhold pressure (E34); שׁרה and שׂרה project outward (E30); שׁור and שׂור unify/separate (E14); שׁיר block/express movement (E18); ישׁר expand/limit (C22); אשר limit and hold together (A28); שאר complete/limit (E10)
Of course איל is one of those cognate permutations for אכל listed above. And recall the idea that came to me from my investigation was:
אכל = “consider” // “toward increasing/reducing power”
Just a question, but perhaps you get a sense of this idea being both focused and gradual, i.e. deliberate. We will study Abraham upcoming, LORD willing, but it was God’s intention that his impact upon the world would be by way of his influence on his children and his household (meaning his workers, etc.). A gradual expansion of his character:
⦁ Genesis 18:17-19
17 The LORD said, “Shall I hide from Abraham what I am about to do, 18 seeing that Abraham shall surely become a great and mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed in him? 19 For I have chosen him, that he may command his children and his household after him to keep the way of the LORD by doing righteousness and justice, so that the LORD may bring to Abraham what he has promised him.” my emphasis•••
The discussion will continue next time. For today, below is posted the two-letter cognate permutations investigation for אכל, which is אכ/כא and אל/לא and כל/לכcognate permutations all shown, with a list of cognate meanings at the end. You may see 1.) why looking at three-letter cognate permutations is much less work, 2.) how you are able to get into more nuances by going into the two-letter investigation, and 3.) in this case [I cannot say in every case], the impression remains the same, though strengthened by many more witnesses. The impression I get is that there is a process, preferably slow and deliberate, but not excluding an extreme. God saw Abraham’s character, in “doing righteousness and justice” and wanted him to take it to the world, not by conquering (although when his family was taken away, he did go to conquer five kings), but by living out God’s way in order that others might seen and learn.
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Two-Letter here… Do not feel you must read all of them. I do suggest you look in the context of the screenshot of the Pronominal Suffixes, which also had an impact on my thinking. Judge for yourself. There will be a conclusion at the end you may want to scroll down to, if not reading it all.
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For אכ/כא
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pressure (A4)
אבך p.1 (billow out) pressure (A4)
אבק p.2 (expel quickly from source) pressure (A4)
אפק p.15 (contain; hold back) pressure (A4)
הפך p.60 (change; turn) pressure (A4)
חבק p.72 (embrace; draw close) pressure (A4)
חוג p.75 (encircle) pressure (A4)
חוק p.76 (fix limits) pressure (A4)
- most often seen as “statutes”
עוג p.180 (pound into cakes) pressure (A4)
עוק p.182 (press down) pressure (A4)
restrain (A9)
אגד p.2 (combine; tie together) restrain (A9)
עקד p.191 (bind; tie together) restrain (A9)
oppose (A10)
אגז p.2 (remove from tree) oppose (A10)
איש p.9 (withstand; exist) oppose (A10)
עכס p.185 (coil; wrap around) oppose (A10)
עקש p.191 (distort; oppose correct way) oppose (A10)
move directly/circularly (A11)
אגל p.2 (drip) move directly/circularly (A11)
איל p.9 (strengthen) move directly/circularly (A11)
אכל p.9 (consume) move directly/circularly (A11)
חיל p.79 (enable; concentrate power and resources) move directly/circularly
(A11)
חכל p.80 (sparkle; emit color) move directly/circularly (A11)
עגל p.179 (circle) move directly/circularly (A11)
עכל (no entry – does not appear in Scripture) (digest) move directly/circularly
(A11)
In modern Hebrew,עכל= digested
עקל p.191 (deviate from straight path) move directly/circularly (A11)
absorb physically/emotionally (A12)
אגם p.3 (collect in one place) absorb physically/emotionally (A12)
אים p.9 (fear an existing danger) absorb physically/emotionally (A12)
הים p.58 (agitate; creating confusion) absorb physically/emotionally (A12)
חכם p.80 (accumulate knowledge) absorb physically/emotionally (A12)
עגם p.179 (grieve) absorb physically/emotionally (A12)
עים p.184 (terrify) absorb physically/emotionally (A12)
contain (A13)
אגן p.3 (contain) contain (A13)
אין p.9 (absent) contain (A13)
אכן (no entry – not a root) contain (A13)
- Appears as adverb meaning surely, truly, as relating to unexpected. Similar in meaning to אמן Amen. From root כון p.116 prepare
הגן p.56 (suit; be appropriate) contain (A13)
הין p.58 (measure) contain (A13)
עגן p.179 (restrain; limit movement) contain (A13)
עין (appear; emerge) contain (A13)
continue/retard action (A14)
אגף p.3 (extend) continue/retard action (A14)
איב p.8 (show enmity) continue/retard action (A14)
אכף p.10 (force) continue/retard action (A14)
חגב p.73 (hop; jump forward) continue/retard action (A14)
עגב p.179 (flirt) continue/retard action (A14)
עיף p.185 (tire; exhaust) continue/retard action (A14)
[עכב (no entry – not in Scripture) hinder
in modern Hebrewdelay]
עקב p.190 (undermine; act deviously) continue/retard action (A14)
concentrate energy (A15)
אגר p.3 (collect; store for safe keeping) concentrate energy (A15)
אכר p.10 (plow; turn soil over) concentrate energy (A15)
הגר p.56 (isolate from social contact) concentrate energy (A15)
Hagar, mother of Ishmael
הכר p.58 (estrange) concentrate energy (A15)
חגר p.74 (gird; tie a belt) concentrate energy (A15)
חקר p.88 (dig for essence; investigate) concentrate energy (A15)
עגר p.179 (forage) concentrate energy (A15)
עכר p.185 (trouble; make unclean) concentrate energy (A15)
עקר p.191 (uproot; retard development) concentrate energy (A15)
[[ I insert the pronoun suffixes here for a specific reason, which I want to point out. Here I will list the cognate group A20. It is rare for a root to begin with a double guttural. There are only three such roots listed in EDBH, shown here, each actually having three gutturals. Please see that if the suffix for “my” or the suffix for “your” is added to אחה, the words אחי and אחיך (“my brother” and “your brother”) would fit into this grouping of two-letter words with cognate permutations of אכ. ]]
(express deep emotion (A20)
אהה p.4 (express pain) express deep emotion (A20)
אחה p.7 (unity; bring together) express deep emotion (A20)
ההה p.57 (express pain) express deep emotion (A20))
- The first appearance of these two words, אחי and אחיך occur in Genesis 4. I simply point out two quotations from that passage, but please read verses 1-15.
- “Am I my brother’s keeper?”
- “The voice of your brother’s blood is crying out to me from the ground אדמה.”
hold back (A27)
אזק p.7 (chain) hold back (A27)
אשך p.18 (enclose) hold back (A27)
חזק p.77 (hold strongly; strengthen) hold back (A27)
חשך p.91 (darken; deprive of light) hold back (A27)
חשׂך p.91 (reduce; hold back) hold back (A27)
חשק p.91 (surround) hold back (A27)
עזק p.183 (dig deeply) hold back (A27)
עסק (no entry – not in Scripture) (occupy) hold back (A27)
In modern Hebrew,עסק= business
עשק p.194 (grab; withhold another’s rights) hold back (A27)
עשׂק p.194 (deal; claim) hold back (A27)
● isolate (A32)
איה p.9 (isolate) isolate (A32)
אקה p.16 (be wild) isolate (A32)
הגה p.55 (express thoughts) isolate (A32)
היה p.68 (be) isolate (A32)
חגה p.73 (break a flat surface; create unevenness) isolate (A32)
חיה p.79 (live by virtue of God’s thoughts) isolate (A32)
חכה p.79 (wait; restrain one’s will) isolate (A32)
עיה p.184 (isolate) isolate (A32)
עקה p.191 (enclose; press in) isolate (A32)
encircle and hold (A45)
אנך p.12 (be central and pivotal) encircle and hold (A45)
אנק p.13 (choke out; groan from deep within) encircle and hold (A45)
חנך p.83 (habituate; immerse in activity for specific task) encircle and hold
(A45)
חנק p.84 (strangle; cut off breath until death) encircle and hold (A45)
ענג p.188 (pleasure; surround with delightful conditions) encircle and hold
(A45)
ענק p.188 (surround with material goods) encircle and hold (A45)
- This is Anak and the Anakim
force alignment (A50) press alignment
ארג p.16 (weave; join parallel threads) force alignment (A50)
ארך p.17 (prolong; extend) force alignment (A50)
- We see this word often in the phrase ארך אפים as “longsuffering,” literally “long of noses,” which we have been taught represents flaring of nostrils – this is “patience”
הרג p.61 (kill; murder) force alignment (A50)
חרג p.88 (gnash teeth) force alignment (A50)
חרך p.89 (weaken by singeing) force alignment (A50)
חרק p.90 (grind) force alignment (A50)
- The example given in Ps112:10 is like gritting one’s teeth. The “also” verse is חרגas “trembling in fear.”
ערג p.192 (thirst for water) force alignment (A50)
ערך p.192 (parallel; arrange items in juxtaposition) force alignment (A50)
ערק p.193 (gnaw; bite) force alignment (A50)
- The word is used only twice, in Job, more in the sense of a constant irritation, the “gnawing.”
- Use your judgment. I have recommended “press” alignment as a more accurate term than “force” because, once again, there is a spectrum of meanings. To kill or murder would certainly be “forcing,” but that would be one of the extremes of the spectrum.
separate (A58)
אתק p.19 (protrude) separate (A58)
הדק (no entry – not a root) (destroy) separate (A58)
- No הדק root, but appears as hiphil of דקק crush and the thin cows/thin ears in Pharaoh’s dreams interpreted by Joseph
חדק p.74 (cut into) separate (A58)
חתך p.92 (cut; finalize decree) separate (A58)
עתק p.196 (move; transfer by force)separate (A58)
encompass (A59)
הגג p.55 (consider; brood) encompass (A59)
חגג p.73 (turn; circle) encompass (A59)
חיי p.79 (encircle quickly; move actively due to inner drive) encompass (A59)
חיק p.79 (receive) encompass (A59)
חכך p.79 (investigate; taste) encompass (A59)
חקק p.87 (circumscribe to protect a basic value) encompass (A59)
move piecemeal (A61)
הלך p.59 (walk; progress step by step toward a goal) move piecemeal (A61)
חלק p.81 (divide and smooth) move piecemeal (A61)
עלג p.185 (stammer; speak haltingly) move piecemeal (A61)
עלק p.187 (suck out) move piecemeal (A61)
conceal (A65)
חמק p.83 (hide; turn away) conceal (A65)
עמק p.187 (deepen) conceal (A65)
________________________________
open up and give forth (B4)
בגה p.20 (produce food) open up and give forth (B4)
ביה p.25 (distress; feel pain) open up and give forth (B4)
בכא p.26 (weep) open up and give forth (B4)
בכה p.26 (cry due to inner or outer impulse) open up and give forth (B4)
בקע p.30 (split; open crevice) open up and give forth (B4)
- What Moses did with his rod, at the crossing of the “Red Sea” ים סוף
פגע p.196 (contact; encounter) or open up and give forth (B4)
פקח p.205 (open wide) open up and give forth (B4)
פקע p.205 (split open) open up and give forth (B4)
בהק p.22 (clear) (no cognates)
pound (B64) press
מחק p.139 (smash; pound) pound (B64) press
מעך p.142 (crush) pound (B64) press
- Please look up the referent verses – I “softened” the word to fit better the usage – please disagree if you like. In Lv22:24, the word “crushed” is there as כתת, but מעך is “bruised” in NKJV.
________________________________
extend (C1) increase/reduce (C15) – should be combined as one – include ⇅
גאה p.34 (project upward; raise up high) extend (C1)
גהה p.36 (cure) increase/reduce (C15)
געה p.42 (bleat; emit animal sounds) extend (C1)
יאה p.99 (befit; be appropriate) extend (C1)
יהה p.101 (exert power) increase/reduce (C15)
יעה p.106 (remove) extend (C1)
כאה p.114 (afflict) extend (C1)
כהה p.115 (dim; weaken) increase/reduce (C15)
כחח p.117 (exert power; be able to act) increase/reduce (C15)
קאה p.223 (spew) extend (C1)
קהה p.224 (stunt; weaken) increase/reduce (C15)
קעע p.230 (incise; cut) increase/reduce (C15)
activate/deactivate (C2)
גאל p.34 (release; purge) activate/deactivate (C2)
גחל p.39 (extract charred coal) activate/deactivate (C2)
געל p.42 (empty; release from protective cover) activate/deactivate (C2)
יאל p.99 (initiate action; begin a process) activate/deactivate (C2)
יחל p.103 (expect progress) activate/deactivate (C2)
יעל p.106 (progress; flourish) activate/deactivate (C2)
כחל p.117 (project color; paint) activate/deactivate (C2)
קהל p.225 (gather to implement plan) activate/deactivate (C2)
concentrate (C3)
נבא p.34 (concentrate fluids) concentrate (C3)
גבה p.34 (raise high through concentration of elements) concentrate (C3)
גבח p.34 (heighten forehead by exposing pate) concentrate (C3)
גבע p.35 (elevate) concentrate (C3)
גוא p.37 (depress) concentrate (C3)
גוה p.37 (concentrate disparate elements) concentrate (C3)
גוח p.38 (crawl; move with difficulty) concentrate (C3)
גוע p.38 (be lifeless; die without suffering) concentrate (C3)
יוה p.102 (connect) concentrate (C3)
יפה p.107 (project beauty; excite the senses) concentrate (C3)
יפח p.107 (exhale; breathe) concentrate (C3)
יפע p.107 (radiate; emerge from darkness) concentrate (C3)
כבה p.114 (extinguish) concentrate (C3)
כבע p.115 (cover; protect head) concentrate (C3)
כוה p.116 (burn) concentrate (C3)
כוח p.116 (strengthen) concentrate (C3)
כפה p.122 (force) concentrate (C3)
קבע p.223 (limit) concentrate (C3)
קוא p.225 (vomit) concentrate (C3)
קוה p.225 (gather to act; strive to a particular goal) concentrate (C3)
קפא p.231 (coagulate; congeal) concentrate (C3)
acquire/cast off (C10)
גדה p.36 (separate; divide) acquire/cast off (C10)
גדע p.36 (chop from; cut off) acquire/cast off (C10)
ידה p.101 (cast; project upward) acquire/cast off (C10)
ידע p.101 (acquire knowledge; know) acquire/cast off (C10)
יתא p.112 (project) acquire/cast off (C10)
יתח p.113 (catapult) acquire/cast off (C10)
כהן p.116 serve as leader (no cognates)
extend/contain (C16)
גהר p.37 (stretch over) extend/contain (C16)
גער p.42 (rebuke; inhibit) extend/contain (C16)
יאר p.99 (collect water) extend/contain (C16)
יהר p.102 (exceed limits; overbear) extend/contain (C16)
יער p.107 (collect liquids; drench) extend/contain (C16)
קער p.230 (contain; collect and hold) extend/contain (C16)
emerge and separate (C18)
גזה p.39 (cut off) emerge and separate (C18)
גזע p.39 (emerge; sprout from soil) emerge and separate (C18)
יזע p.102 (sweat) emerge and separate (C18)
יצא p.107 (exit; come out) emerge and separate (C18)
- Almost 1000 occurrences in Tanakh. Very common in Exodus. Moses and Aaron brought out יצא the Israelites from Pharaoh.
יצע p.108 (extend; spread) emerge and separate (C18)
ישה p.111 (exist) emerge and separate (C18)
ישח p.111 (cramp) emerge and separate (C18)
ישע p.112 (save; grant essence of existence) emerge and separate (C18)
- The root for salvation and Yeshua. One of two roots that are combined in the compound word of Joshua.
cover/expose (C25)
גלה p.40 (expose; bare) cover/expose (C25)
גלח p.40 (remove hair; expose unprotected skin) cover/expose (C25)
גלע p.40 (reveal; uncover) cover/expose (C25)
ילע p.104 (swallow; chew) cover/expose (C25)
- These are worms slowly eating away at rotten food Ex16:20
כלא p.118 (restrain; prevent) cover/expose (C25)
כלה p.118 (strive to attain) cover/expose (C25)
- Part of the much-discussed כל variant family.
כלח p.119 (complete) cover/expose (C25)
קלא p.228 (parch) cover/expose (C25)
קלה p.228 (restrain; devalue) cover/expose (C25)
קלח p.228 (contain) cover/expose (C25)
קלע p.228 (cast out) cover/expose (C25)
absorb (C29)
גמא p.41 (absorb) absorb (C29)
גמה p.41 (absorb addition) absorb (C29)
כמה p.119 (thirst; long) absorb (C29)
קמח p.229 (process flour) absorb (C29)
express emotion (C37)
געש p.42 (agitate; move violently) express emotion (C37)
יאש p.99 (despair) express emotion (C37)
יחשׂ p.103 (relate to lineage) express emotion (C37)
יעז p.106 (threaten) express emotion (C37)
יעץ p.107 (deliberate; advise) express emotion (C37)
כחש p.118 (deny justified demands) express emotion (C37)
כעס p.122 (enrage; anger) express emotion (C37)
כעש p.122 (enrage) express emotion (C37)
limit activity (C40)
גרה p.43 (enrage; conflict) limit activity (C40)
גרע p.43 (diminish value or number) limit activity (C40)
ירא p.110 (fear; call to constant attention) limit activity (C40)
ירה p.110 (cast; shoot) limit activity (C40)
- Said to be the root for Torah תורה
ירח p.110 (impact) limit activity (C40)
- The root for moon and Jericho
ירע p.111 (restrict; limit space) limit activity (C40)
כרה p.123 (expose) limit activity (C40)
כרע p.124 (kneel; limit height) limit activity (C40)
קרא p.232 (summon; cause change in direction) limit activity (C40)
- “Being called.”
קרה p.233 (occur; meet without prior intent) limit activity (C40)
קרח p.233 (cohere) limit activity (C40)
קרע p.234 (tear; pull in opposite directions) limit activity (C40)
open up (C44)
יאב p.99 (desire; long) open up (C44)
יהב p.101 (give; provide) open up (C44)
יחף p.103 (bare foot; lack shoes) open up (C44)
יעף p.106 (ascend; strive) open up (C44)
כאב p.114 (hurt) open up (C44)
weaken (C47)
יגה p.100 (suffer) weaken (C47)
יגע p.100 (tire; weary) weaken (C47)
יכח p.103 (admonish; convince) weaken (C47)
יקה p.109 (weaken from age) weaken (C47)
יקע p.109 (suspend; destabilize) weaken (C47)
כיה p.118 (be the cause; limit) weaken (C47)
bring together (C49)
יהד p.101 (judaize) bring together (C49)
יחד p.102 (unite) bring together (C49)
יעד p.106 (arrange; set specifics) bring together (C49)
יעט p.106 (cover) bring together (C49)
כחד p.117 (conceal; cease existence) bring together (C49)
dominate (C54)
גנה (no entry – not a root) (vilify) dominate (C54)
- In Isaiah 1:30 & 61:12 גנה = garden; Ezekiel 42:12 הגינה = directly; Hosea 4:18 מגניה = rulers. In modern Hebrew גנה = garden (as Gan Eden גן–עדן).
ינה p.105 (extort; take illegally) dominate (C54)
- The example given in the entry ינה p.105 Ex22:20(H) = 22:21 “You shall not mistreat a stranger.”
- ינה is the root for the prophet Jonah, who wanted to prevent the LORD’s forgiveness of the people of Nineveh if they were to repent. (see Jonah 4:1-2)
כנה p.120 (name) dominate (C54)
כנע p.120 (subdue) dominate (C54)
קנא p.229 (envy; protect ownership) dominate (C54)
קנה p.229 (acquire by legal means) dominate (C54)
________________________________
act energetically (D44)
לאך p.127 (serve; work which completes goal) act energetically (D44)
- The root for Angel/messenger מלאך
להג p.128 (study intensively) act energetically (D44)
להק p.129 (gather together for study) act energetically (D44)
לחך p.131 (lick vigorously) act energetically (D44)
לעג p.132 (deride; scorn) act energetically (D44)
לקח p.133 (receive; take) (no cognates)
_____________________________________________________________
________________________________
For כל/לכ
________________________________
move directly/circularly (A11)
אגל p.2 (drip) move directly/circularly (A11)
איל p.9 (strengthen) move directly/circularly (A11)
אכל p.9 (consume) move directly/circularly (A11)
חיל p.79 (enable; concentrate power and resources) move directly/circularly
(A11)
חכל p.80 (sparkle; emit color) move directly/circularly (A11)
עגל p.179 (circle) move directly/circularly (A11)
עכל (no entry – does not appear in Scripture) (digest) move directly/circularly
(A11)
In modern Hebrew,עכל= digested
עקל p.191 (deviate from straight path) move directly/circularly (A11)
move piecemeal (A61)
הלך p.59 (walk; progress step by step toward a goal) move piecemeal (A61)
חלק (divide) move piecemeal (A61)
עלג (stammer) move piecemeal (A61)
עלק (suck out) move piecemeal (A61)
________________________________
strengthen/weaken (B29)
בלג p.27 (strengthen) strengthen/weaken (B29)
בלק p.27 (destroy; render uninhabitable) strengthen/weaken (B29)
פלג p.201 (divide; disrupt) strengthen/weaken (B29)
- This is Peleg – see Gn10:25
פלך p.202 (encircle; spin) strengthen/weaken (B29)
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activate/deactivate (C2)
גאל p.34 (release; purge) activate/deactivate (C2)
גחל p.39 (extract charred coal) activate/deactivate (C2)
געל p.42 (empty; release from protective cover) activate/deactivate (C2)
יאל p.99 (initiate action; begin a process) activate/deactivate (C2)
יחל p.103 (expect progress) activate/deactivate (C2)
יעל p.106 (progress; flourish) activate/deactivate (C2)
כחל p.117 (project color; paint) activate/deactivate (C2)
קהל p.225 (gather to implement plan) activate/deactivate (C2)
express control (C5)
גבל p.35 (border) express control (C5)
גול p.38 (rejoice) express control (C5)
יבל p.99 (bring home) express control (C5)
כבל p.114 (restrain) express control (C5)
כול p.116 (contain a measured quantity) express control (C5)
כפל p.122 (double) express control (C5)
קבל p.223 (counter; be opposite) express control (C5)
- The root for Jewish mysticism, Kabbalah
קול p.225 (sound; multiply noise) express control (C5)
extend/retard (C11)
גדל p.36 (increase; expand) extend/retard (C11)
כתל p.125 (wall off) extend/retard (C11)
קטל p.227 (slay; kill) extend/retard (C11)
- This root is the basis of the division of Hebrew verbs into “perfect” (completed action) and “imperfect” (action not yet completed) aspects. The most nearly parallel to English “tenses” is that qatal קטל translates to past tense and yiqtolיקטל is either present or future tense. You have seen in some of the listings some wording like vayyiqtol/wayyiqtol, in which the Vav before the verb may change its aspect when in a series of verbs. Not to go too deeply, simply note how the cognate meaning listed here could apply to that usage: something has happened or is still happening, which can apply to “life” as well.
apply force (C20)
גזל p.39 (snatch) apply force (C20)
כסל p.121 (be stubborn and foolish) apply force (C20)
- Must note that there is also a very positive aspect to this root, which the above definition does not take into consideration – “hope” or “unshakable trust.” It is also sometimes translated as “confidence,” and we have spoken before about the importance of the line between confidence and arrogance. As is often the case, we should consider the spectrum.
כשל p.125 (stumble; fall) apply force (C20)
- Also sometimes translated as weak or feeble, and we must recall the truth that “whoever humbles himself shall be exalted; the one who exalts himself shall be humbled.” (See one of several examples in Zechariah 12:8.) The entire sense of (C20) is best seen as a measure of how much/how little force, i.e. a measure of force, as in ripping off the bandaid versus removing it slowly. In what manner does change occur, rapidly or slowly? If a wound is to be “uncovered” what is the approach? The old analogy of how to cook a live frog.
- The flood was replaced by the cycles. A cataclysmic event transitioned to much smaller cyclic events from which we are to learn (be it what is built into earthly cycles or the religious traditions man has built into yearly calendars). The cycles maintain balance. The cycles educate us.
add/reduce (C23)
גלב p.39 (shave) add/reduce (C23)
ילף p.104 (fall off) add/reduce (C23)
כלב p.118 (contain) add/reduce (C23)
- This is Caleb, and also “dog,” which is also male cult prostitute
כלף p.119 (chisel; level) add/reduce (C23)
קלף (no entry) (peel) add/reduce (C23)
- קלף translates as “Judaica” in modern Hebrew
absorb/issue (C24)
גלד p.40 (enclose; cover) absorb/issue (C24)
- This is Gilead and Galeed “heap”
ילד p.104 (give birth; bring child from the womb into the open world) absorb/
issue (C24)
קלט p.228 (absorb; hold together) absorb/issue (C24)
- Leviticus 22:23
- 23 Either a bull or a lamb that has any limb too long or too short you may offer as a freewill offering, but for a vow it shall not be accepted.
- h7038. קָלַט qâlaṭ; a primitive root; to maim: — lacking in his parts.
- AV (1) – lacking in his parts 1;
- (Qal) to be stunted, be handicapped, be deformed (of a sacrificial animal lacking body parts)
- EDBH lists as “undivided hoof,” and cities of refuge are h5892. עִיר ‘îyr h4733. מִקְלָט miqlâṭ
contain/expose (C25)
גלה p.40 (expose; bare) contain/expose (C25)
גלה p.40 (reveal; uncover) contain/expose (C25)
גלח p.40 (remove hair; expose unprotected skin) contain/expose (C25)
ילע p.104 (swallow; chew) contain/expose (C25)
כלא p.118 (restrain; prevent) contain/expose (C25)
כלה p.118 (strive to attain) contain/expose (C25)
קלה p.228 (restrain; devalue) contain/expose (C25)
קלח p.228 (contain) contain/expose (C25)
קלע p.228 (cast out) contain/expose (C25)
- See tabernacle curtains, Exodus 27:9
encircle (C26)
גלל p.40 (rotate; roll) encircle (C26)
- Galilee גליל, Gilgal גלגל, hill of the Skull Gulgolet גלגלת
ילל p.104 (howl) encircle (C26)
כלל p.119 (complete by including everything) encircle (C26)
קלל p.228 (diminish substance; lessen material things) encircle (C26)
- “curse” – and see the “rods” מקל in Gn30:38, that Jacob peeled to alter the lambs
lack form/value (C27)
גלם p.40 (lack form) lack form/value (C27)
- Gollum in the Lord of the Rings Trilogy and the Hobbit
כלם p.119 (shame; be morally unworthy) lack form/value (C27)
separate (C28)
גלש p.40 (winnow) separate (C28)
קלס p.228 (speak pointedly) separate (C28)
כלש p.229 (thin) separate (C28)
קלע p.228 cast out (no cognates)
provide/deny sustenance (C31)
גמל p.41 (mature; develop completely) provide/deny sustenance (C31)
קמל p.229 (wither; deny sustenance) provide/deny sustenance (C31)
גרל p.43 allocate (no cognates)
יגל p.100 shudder from fear (no cognates listed)
יכל p.104 prevail (no cognates listed)
- These two should be together and have a cognate meaning. I make an “educated guess” at overwhelm (C_)
ילק p.104 feed greedily (no cognates)
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raise high in the sky (D11)
דגל p.46 (signal) raise high in the sky (D11)
דקל p.52 (grow tall; raise) raise high in the sky (D11)
תכל p.285 (color sky blue) raise high in the sky (D11)
move quickly (D26)
דלג p.50 (jump) move quickly (D26)
דלק p.51 (pursue) move quickly (D26)
act energetically (D44)
לאך p.127 (serve; work which completes goal) act energetically (D44)
- The root for Angel/messenger מלאך
להג p.128 (study intensively) act energetically (D44)
להק p.129 (gather together for study) act energetically (D44)
לחך p.131 (lick vigorously) act energetically (D44)
לעג p.132 (deride; scorn) act energetically (D44)
לגם p.128 absorb (no cognates)
לוג p.129 liquefy (no cognates)
לקח p.133 (receive; take) (no cognates)
gather (D54)
לכד p.131 (seize) gather (D54)
- Root for the Likud political party in Israel
לקט p.133 (glean; collect isolated or abandoned objects) gather (D54)
be prominent (D55)
למג p.131 (stand out; be rare) be prominent (D55)
למך p.132 (lead) be prominent (D55)
לקש p.133 delay (no cognates)
לתך p.133 dry measure (no cognates)
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move lower (E19)
זלג p.67 (move from one place to another) move lower (E19)
סלק (no entry) (remove) move lower (E19)
- Occurs in Scripture only in Aramaic as “ascend”
- In modern Hebrew סלק = beet
שלג p.263 (snow) move lower (E19)
שלך p.263 (throw down) move lower (E19)
לגם p.128 absorb (no cognates)
acquire/lose prized object (E37)
סגל p.167 (elect; be exclusive) acquire/lose prized object (E37)
סכל p.171 (absorb and use unreliable knowledge) acquire/lose prized object/
item (E37)
סקל p.175 (remove) acquire/lose prized object (E37)
צקל p.221 (cover; protect) acquire/lose prized object (E37)
שגל p.255 (acquire mate) acquire/lose prized object (E37)
שכל p.262 (lose; be bereft) acquire/lose prized object (E37)
שקל p.269 (weigh out) acquire/lose prized object (E37)
שׂכל p.277 (understand; absorb information and adapt to needs) acquire/lose
prized possession (E37)
move carefully (E73)
רגל p.239 (learn step-by-step) move carefully (E73)
רכל p.244 (peddle) move carefully (E73)
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For אל/לא
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restrain (A5)
אבל p.1 (lack wholeness) restrain (A5)
אול p.5 (vacillate; lack clarity of purpose) restrain (A5)
אפל p.14 (darken; prevent light from entering) restrain (A5)
הבל p.55 (lack value) restrain (A5)
חבל p.72 (bind; hold back) restrain (A5)
חול p.76 (begin; enter) restrain (A5)
עול p.181 (misuse power) restrain (A5)
עפל p.189 (restrain movement; discourage) restrain (A5)
move directly/circularly (A11)
אגל p.2 (drip) move directly/circularly (A11)
איל p.9 (strengthen) move directly/circularly (A11)
אכל p.9 (consume) move directly/circularly (A11)
חיל p.79 (enable; concentrate power and resources) move directly/circularly
(A11)
חכל p.80 (sparkle; emit color) move directly/circularly (A11)
עגל p.179 (circle) move directly/circularly (A11)
עכל (no entry – not in Scripture) (digest) move directly/circularly (A11)
עכלdigested in Modern Hebrew
עקל p.191 (deviate from straight path) move directly/circularly (A11)
weaken/strengthen (A25)
אזל p.6 (disappear; go away) weaken/strengthen (A25)
אצל p.15 (distance; set aside) weaken/strengthen (A25)
אשל p.18 (spread; develop outward) weaken/strengthen (A25)
חסל p.84 (eliminate; cause to disappear) weaken/strengthen (A25)
חשל p.91 (weaken) weaken/strengthen (A25)
עצל p.190 (laze) weaken/strengthen (A25)
bind/loosen (A35)
אלם p.10 (bind; tie together) bind/loosen (A35)
הלם p.59 (pressure; pound) bind/loosen (A35)
חלם p.81 (connect disparate elements into functioning whole) bind/loosen
(A35)
עלם p.186 (hide) bind/loosen (A35)
impact on others (A36)
אלף p.10 (receive from others; lack independence) impact on others (A36)
חלב p.80 (change; convert to nourishment) impact on others (A36)
חלף p.81 (exchange; transfer) impact on others (A36)
עלב (no entry/not in Scripture) (shame) impact on others (A36)
In modern Hebrewעלבa disgrace
עלף p.186 (faint away; disappear from view) impact on others (A36)
apply/relieve pressure (A37)
אלץ p.11 (urge) apply/relieve pressure (A37)
חלץ p.81 (free up; cut from mooring) apply/relieve pressure (A37)
חלש p.81 (weaken) apply/relieve pressure (A37)
עלז p.185 (rejoice) apply/relieve pressure (A37)
עלס p.186 (rejoice) apply/relieve pressure (A37)
עלץ p.186 (relieve; express relief from oppression) apply/relieve pressure (A37)
move energetically (A39)
אמל p.11 (weaken) move energetically (A39)
המל p.59 (roar) move energetically (A39)
חמל p.82 (pity for one in danger) move energetically (A39)
עמל p.187 (labor) move energetically (A39)
restrict movement (A62)
התל p.61 (deceive; scorn) restrict movement (A62)
חדל p.74 (limit; refrain from activity) restrict movement (A62)
חתל p.92 (bandage to restrict/limit movement) restrict movement (A62)
grab and hold (A63)
חלד p.80 (be transitory) grab and hold (A63)
חלט p.80 (firm up; grab and hold) grab and hold (A63)
עלט p.186 (darken) grab and hold (A63)
limit (A68)
חרל p.189 (protect) limit (A68)
ערל p.192 (restrict power; lose control) limit (A68)
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have/lack control (B11)
בהל p.21 (shock) have/lack control (B11)
בחל p.24 (abhor) have/lack control (B11)
בעל p.29 (master; take possession) have/lack control (B11)
פעל p.204 (work hard toward a goal) have/lack control (B11)
separate out completely (B28)
בלא p.26 (wear out) separate out completely (B28)
בלה p.27 (decay; wither) separate out completely (B28)
בלע p.27 (swallow completely; enclose) separate out completely (B28)
פלא p.201 (diverge from the norm) separate out completely (B28)
פלה p.201 (separate; distinguish) separate out completely (B28)
פלח p.201 (split; separate) separate out completely (B28)
weaken (B56)
מהל p.136 (weaken) weaken (B56)
מעל p.142 (deceive; cover up) weaken (B56)
permeate (B65)
מלא p.140 (fill to abundance) permeate (B65)
מלה p.140 (fill) permeate (B65)
מלח p.140 (permeate; penetrate) permeate (B65)
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activate/deactivate (C2)
גאל p.34 (release; purge) activate/deactivate (C2)
גחל p.39 (extract charred coal) activate/deactivate (C2)
געל p.42 (empty; release from protective cover) activate/deactivate (C2)
יאל p.99 (initiate action; begin a process) activate/deactivate (C2)
יחל p.103 (expect progress) activate/deactivate (C2)
יעל p.106 (progress; flourish) activate/deactivate (C2)
כחל p.117 (project color; paint) activate/deactivate (C2)
קהל p.225 (gather to implement plan) activate/deactivate (C2)
contain/expose (C25)
גלה p.40 (expose; bare) contain/expose (C25)
גלה p.40 (reveal; uncover) contain/expose (C25)
גלח p.40 (remove hair; expose unprotected skin) contain/expose (C25)
ילע p.104 (swallow; chew) contain/expose (C25)
כלא p.118 (restrain; prevent) contain/expose (C25)
כלה p.118 (strive to attain) contain/expose (C25)
קלה p.228 (restrain; devalue) contain/expose (C25)
קלח p.228 (contain) contain/expose (C25)
קלע p.228 (cast out) contain/expose (C25)
- See tabernacle curtains, Exodus 27:9
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move in indefinite manner (D27)
דלה p.51 (raise pendulously) move in indefinite manner (D27)
דלח p.51 (muddy; roil) move in indefinite manner (D27)
טלא p.96 (speckle; mottle) move in indefinite manner (D27)
טלה p.96 (weaken) move in indefinite manner (D27)
תלא p.285 (sway; suspend in time or space) move in indefinite manner (D27)
תלע p.286 (wiggle) move in indefinite manner (D27)
תלה p.285 (hang; suspend) move in indefinite manner (D27)
impact negatively (D41)
לאב p.127 (scorn; mock) impact negatively (D41)
להב p.128 (flame) impact negatively (D41)
לעב p.132 (mock; insult) impact negatively (D41)
cover completely (D43)
לאט p.127 (cover; secret) cover completely (D43)
להט p.129 (blaze extensively; glow intensely) cover completely (D43)
לעט p.132 (swallow greedily) cover completely (D43)
act energetically (D44)
לאך p.127 (serve; work which completes goal) act energetically (D44)
- The root for Angel/messenger מלאך
להג p.128 (study intensively) act energetically (D44)
להק p.129 (gather together for study) act energetically (D44)
לחך p.131 (lick vigorously) act energetically (D44)
לעג p.132 (deride; scorn) act energetically (D44)
לקח p.133 (receive; take) (no cognates)
struggle for essentials (D45)
לאם p.127 (organize diverse elements) struggle for essentials (D45)
להם p.129 (strike) struggle for essentials (D45)
לחם p.139 (struggle for existence) struggle for essentials (D45)
לען p.132 be bitter (no cognates listed)
לקח p.133 receive; take (no cognates listed)
ignite emotion/interest (D46)
לבא p.127 (arouse) ignite emotion/interest (D46)
לבה p.128 (enthuse) ignite emotion/interest (D46)
לוה p.129 (connect; join for mutual benefit) ignite emotion/interest (D46)
לוח p.129 (form a flat surface) ignite emotion/interest (D46)
לוע p.130 (cry out) ignite emotion/interest (D46)
act in a negative manner (D52)
לחץ p.131 (limit space; squeeze) act in a negative manner (D52)
לחש p.131 (whisper; enchant) act in a negative manner (D52)
לעז p.132 (ridicule as foreign) act in a negative manner (D52)
protect/destroy (D53)
לטא p.131 (cover) protect/destroy (D53)
לטה p.131 (cover) protect/destroy (D53)
לתח p.133 (store) protect/destroy (D53)
לתע p.134 (destroy) protect/destroy (D53)
initiate/arrest movement (D77)
נהל p.150 (lead the weak) initiate/arrest movement (D77)
נחל p.154 (flow; move downward) initiate/arrest movement (D77)
נעל p.158 (stem movement or entry) initiate/arrest movement (D77)
נלה p.157 finish (no cognates listed)
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move up/down (E15)
זחל p.66 (crawl; move slowly) move up/down (E15)
צאל p.211 (grow tall) move up/down (E15)
צהל p.213 (brighten) move up/down (E15)
שאל p.252 (request movement; demand removal) move up/down (E15)
שחל p.260 (slink; move close to ground) move up/down (E15)
שעל p.267 (narrow measured space) move up/down (E15)
move in balanced way (E43)
סלא p.171 (weigh) move in balanced way (E43)
סלה p.171 (weigh with balanced weights) move in balanced way (E43)
סלח p.172 (progress through forgiveness) move in balanced way (E43)
סלע p.172 (raise tall) move in balanced way (E43)
צלה p.216 (darken; roast completely over flames) move in balanced way (E43)
צלח p.216 (succeed; overcome obstacles) move in balanced way (E43)
צלע p.217 (reel; turn to side) move in balanced way (E43)
שלה p.263 (assure; feel secure) move in balanced way (E43)
שלח p.263 (send; move to goal) move in balanced way (E43)
שׂלה p.278 (move effortlessly) move in balanced way (E43)
be weak and sensitive (E86)
רחל p.243 (be delicate) be weak and sensitive (E86)
- This is Jacob’s favored wife, Rachel
רעל p.246 (quiver; confuse) be weak and sensitive (E86)
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_______________________________________________________________
pressure (A4)
restrain (A5
restrain (A9)
oppose (A10)
move directly/circularly (A11)
absorb physically/emotionally (A12)
contain (A13)
continue/retard action (A14)
concentrate energy (A15)
weaken/strengthen (A25)
hold back (A27)
isolate (A32)
bind/loosen (A35)
impact on others (A36)
apply/relieve pressure (A37)
move energetically (A39)
encircle and hold (A45)
press alignment (A50)
separate (A58)
encompass (A59)
move piecemeal (A61)
restrict movement (A62)
grab and hold (A63)
conceal (A65)
limit (A68)
open up and give forth (B4)
have/lack control (B11)
separate out completely (B28)
strengthen/weaken (B29)
clear (no cognates)
weaken (B56)
press (B64)
permeate (B65)
activate/deactivate (C2)
concentrate (C3)
express control (C5)
acquire/cast off (C10)
extend/retard (C11)
increase/reduce (C15)
serve as leader (no cognates)
extend/contain (C16)
emerge and separate (C18)
apply force (C20)
add/reduce (C23)
absorb/issue (C24)
cover/expose (C25)
encircle (C26)
lack form/value (C27)
separate (C28)
absorb (C29)
cast out (no cognates)
provide/deny sustenance (C31)
allocate (no cognates)
shudder from fear (no cognates listed)
overwhelm (C_)
feed greedily (no cognates)
express emotion (C37)
limit activity (C40)
open up (C44)
weaken (C47)
bring together (C49)
dominate (C54)
raise high in the sky (D11)
move quickly (D26)
move in indefinite manner (D27)
impact negatively (D41)
cover completely (D43)
act energetically (D44)
struggle for essentials (D45)
be bitter (no cognates listed)
ignite emotion/interest (D46)
act in a negative manner (D52)
protect/destroy (D53)
absorb (no cognates)
liquefy (no cognates)
receive; take (no cognates)
gather (D54)
be prominent (D55)
delay (no cognates)
dry measure (no cognates)
initiate/arrest movement (D77)
move up/down (E15)
move lower (E19)
acquire/lose prized object (E37)
move in balanced way (E43)
move carefully (E73)
be weak and sensitive (E86)
אכל is most often translated as eat, consume, devour, food. Again, I do not read the Talmud, the Mishnah, the Targums, so I cannot tell you the official stance on what I share here. I am giving you my opinions based upon study of the approved Canon, which is clearly focused on the Hebrew, but I think you will see carried forth into the Greek Scriptures as well. (See, e.g Acts 2:42, 6:1-4, and Peter’s vision in Acts 10.) The word אכל is used in relation to our intake of sustenance, and includes not only literal food, but also people. It is used of “consuming” or”destroying” peoples/nations. I believe that the dietary laws may well be reminders, put into practice in daily life, to carefully consider, slowly proceeding, using restraint in what we do. It again, seems to be a restating of LogAndSpeck. That will have to be a study for another time.
Ⓒ copyright LogAndSpeck December 2022. Please cite if copying