I am asking you, as the reader, to go through the exercise of reading down the meanings of each root with its cognate meaning. At the bottom of the root listings are a list of the cognate meanings to simplify it. You can do it simply as an exercise for yourself, but I bet you see qualities in people in your life as you go down the list. I, the author of this website, have purposely chosen to remain anonymous because it is not about me, but about God’s word. I would love to have you post a response here on the website. More than anything, I hope it is an enlightening experience for you. I have not posted my phrases yet, though I may in the future. For now, I don’t want to prejudice your thoughts.
The two-letter words listing at the beginning of the posts were started from a listing in the above Application by Zev Clementson, which was available in 32-bit format but sadly has not been upgraded to 64-bit. My investigations have carried the work on Two-Letter Words further.
And, as is generally the case here, the root definitions are listed from the Etymological Dictionary of Biblical Hebrew (EDBH) Clark/Hirsch.
My own work has been in combining the wisdom of many who have gone before, and hopefully is some help in understanding. Mine is a small part. God’s work is mighty.
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• אֵם-dam, mother, [idiom] parting.
• אִם-(and, can-, doubtless, if, that) (not), [phrase] but, either, [phrase] except, [phrase] more(-over if, than), neither, nevertheless, nor, oh that, or, [phrase] save (only, -ing), seeing, since, sith, [phrase] surely (no more, none, not), though, [phrase] of a truth, [phrase] unless, [phrase] verily, when, whereas, whether, while, [phrase] yet.
h0517. אֵם ’êm (220 occ.); h0518. אִם ’im (43 occ.);
GV p.11 אמם be dependent; p.11 אמה serve; p.5 אום limit [condition reality]; ¿ p.146 נאםpronounce; speak ? – נאם not listed in GV in EDBH but fits the pattern perfectly No DVs
CM אמם develop (A40); אמה protect/disturb (A38); אום limit (A22); נאם express restrained feeling (D58)
• הָם-Ham.
• הֵם-any of theirs.
• הֵם-it, like, [idiom] (how, so) many (soever, more as) they (be), (the) same, [idiom] so, [idiom] such, their, them, these, they, those, which, who, whom, withal, ye.
GV p.60 המם ferment [move in confused manner]; p.59 המה agitate [make noise]; p.58 הום billow [be in agitated motion]; p.58 הים agitate [creating confusion]; p.150 נהם complain [agitate] No DVs
CM המם develop by agitation (A40); המה protect/disturb (A38); הום limit (A22); היםabsorb physically/emotionally (A12); נהם express restrained feeling (D58) //see cognates of נהם in (D58) נאם pronounce; נהם complain; נחם change attitudes; נעםplease //
• חָם-father in law. h2524. חָם ḥâm; 4 occurrences
• חָם-hot, warm. h2525. חָם ḥâm; 2 occurrences
• חָם-Ham. h2526. חָם ḥâm; 16 occurrences
• חֹם-heat, to be hot (warm). h2527. חֹם ḥôm; 14 occurrences
h2527. חֹם ḥôm; from h2552. חָמַם ḥâmam
GV p.82 חמם glow [project extreme heat]; p.82 חמה protect; p.82 חמא churn [into smooth substance]; p.76 חום darken [blacken]; p.103 יחם warm; ¿ p.154 נחם change attitudes ? No DVs
CM חמם develop by agitation (A40); חמה and חמא protect/disturb (A38); חום limit (A22); נחם express restrained feeling (D58); (יחם – no cognates listed, but there is one phonetic cognate, p.223 קאם rise – Hosea 10:14, which BDB lists with eight occurrences of קם as a form of קום)
p.223 קאם rise
DV קאם – p.229 קמם stand erect; p.226 קום rise > p.223 קאם rise
CM קמם to perfect (C52); קום establish (C45); קאמ no listed cognates, but see יחם, p.103 יחם warm••• a common theme might be: rising of repressed feelings)
p.103 יחם warm Gn30:39 Being sexually excited; Ps51:7 Nursing; warming
||
p.223 קאם rise Hs.10:14 Rising
Genesis 30:38-39
38 He set the sticks that he had peeled in front of the flocks in the troughs, that is, the watering places, where the flocks came to drink. And since they bred (h3179. יָחַם yâḥam) when they came to drink, 39 the flocks bred (h3179. יָחַם yâḥam) in front of the sticks and so the flocks brought forth striped, speckled, and spotted.
Psalms 51:5(7H)
5 Behold, I was brought forth in iniquity,
and in sin (h2399. חֵטְא ḥêṭe’) did my mother conceive (h3179. יָחַם yâḥam) me.
CWSBD – H3179. יָחַם yāḥam: A verb meaning to be hot, to conceive. It indicates that an animal is in heat, in rut (Gen. 30:38, 39, 41; 31:10). It describes the act of conception in sexual intimacy (Ps. 51:5[7]). It refers to keeping one’s body warm (1 Kgs. 1:1 {David and Abishag}; Eccl. 4:11) or to heating something (Ezek. 24:11).
Hosea 10:13-14 LITV
13 You have plowed wickedness; you have reaped iniquity. You have eaten the fruit of lies because you trusted in your way, in the multitude of your mighty men. 14 And an uproar (h7588. שָׁאוֹן šâ’ôn) shall {rise up} (p.223 קאם rise) among your peoples. And all your strongholds shall be spoiled, as the ruin of Beth-arbel in the day of battle. The mother (h0517. אֵם ’êm) was dashed in pieces on her sons.
•מָה-how (long, oft, (-soever)), (no-) thing, what (end, good, purpose, thing), whereby(-fore, -in, -to, -with), (for) why.
•מָה-how great (mighty), that which, what(-soever), why.
h4100. מָה mâ
p.136 מהה be unknown; doubt
¿ GV p.136 מהה be unknown [doubt]; p.135 מאה multiply ?
¿ DV אמה – p.136 מהה be unknown; doubt > p.11 אמה serve ?
¿ DV המה – p.136 מהה be unknown [doubt] > המה agitate; make noise ?
¿ DV מאה – p.136 מהה be unknown [doubt] > p.135 מאה multiply ?
CM מהה have/lack substance (B55 – ¿ also B49 increase/decrease ?); מאהincrease/decrease (B49 ¿ also B55 have/lack substance ?); אמה and המהprotect/disturb (A38)
B49 and B55 together [מאה multiply; מהה be unknown; מחא strike; מחה erase; מחחadd substance; מעה disintegrate] – increase/decrease; have/lack substance – the two groups should be one
• מֵחַ-fatling (one).
• מֹחַ-marrow.
h4220. מֵחַ mêaḥ; h4229. מָחָה mâḥâ
GV p.139 מחח [add] substance; p.138 מחה erase [strike]; p.138 מחא strike [clap]; p.136 מוח fatten // no DVs
CM מחח have/lack substance (B55); מחה and מחא increase/decrease (B49) [are these not the same, B49 & B55?]; (מוח no cognates)
No מע
• עַם-folk, men, nation, people.
• עַם-people.
• עִם-accompanying, against, and, as ([idiom] long as), before, beside, by (reason of), for all, from (among, between), in, like, more than, of, (un-) to, with(-al).
• עִם-by, from, like, to(-ward), with.
h5971. עַם ‘am; from h6004. עָמַם ‘âmam; (ESV lists 1702 occurrences; KJV 1862)
GV p.187 עמם develop [without outside interference]; ¿ p.184 עים terrify; p.158 נעםplease ? No DVs
CM develop by agitation (A40); עים absorb physically/emotionally (A12); נעם express restrained feeling (D58)
Not listed as GV in EDBH but could easily fit the pattern:
¿ p.184 עים terrify [CM עים absorb physically/emotionally] p.158 נעם please [attract] [CM נעם express restrained feeling] ? (נעם Strong’s h5276-5284) See 2S1:23. Also עים …
CWSBD H5868. עֲיָם ‘ayām:
I. A masculine noun referring to scorching. It refers most likely to the wind that dried up the Red Sea (Isa. 11:15) or possibly to a khamsin, a hot dry wind.
II. A masculine noun referring to a mighty wind. It refers most likely to the wind that dried up the Red Sea, a mighty east wind (Isa. 11:15) or possibly a strong khamsin wind.
Concordance
H5868. I. עֲיָם ‘ayām masc. noun
(scorching)
Isa. 11:15(kjv, see II).
II. עֲיָם ‘ayām masc. noun
(mighty)
Isa. 11:15(nasb, niv, see I).
Isaiah 11:15-16 ESV
15 And the Lord will utterly destroy
the tongue of the Sea of Egypt,
and will wave his hand over the River
with his scorching (H5868. I. עֲיָם ‘ayām) breath (h7307. רוּחַ rûaḥ),
and strike it into seven channels,
and he will lead people across in sandals.
16 And there will be a highway from Assyria
for the remnant that remains of his people,
as there was for Israel
when they came up from the land of Egypt.
☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎
☯︎ absorb physically/emotionally (A12)
אגם p.3 (collect in one place) absorb physically/emotionally (A12)
אים p.9 (fear an existing danger) absorb physically/emotionally (A12)
הים p.58 (agitate; creating confusion) absorb physically/emotionally (A12)
חכם p.80 (accumulate knowledge) absorb physically/emotionally (A12)
- The root for wisdom חכמה.
עגם p.179 (grieve) absorb physically/emotionally (A12)
עים p.184 (terrify) absorb physically/emotionally (A12)
☯︎
☯︎ control (A17)
אדם p.3 (be earthly and solid)
אטם p.8 (close; seal) control (A17)
הדם p.56 (sustain elevated object) control (A17)
חטם p.78 (muzzle; control) control (A17)
חתם p.92 (seal) control (A17)
עתם p.195 (darken) control (A17)
☯︎
☯︎ limit (A22)
אום p.5 (limit; condition reality) limit (A22)
הום p.58 (billow; be in agitated motion) limit (A22)
חום p.76 (darken; blacken) limit (A22)
☯︎
☯︎bind/loosen (A35)
אלם p.10 (bind; tie together) bind/loosen (A35)
הלם p.59 (pressure; pound) bind/loosen (A35)
חלם p.81 (connect disparate elements into functioning whole) bind/loosen
(A35)
עלם p.186 (hide) bind/loosen (A35)
☯︎
☯︎ protect/disturb (A38)
אמה p.11 (serve) protect/disturb (A38)
המה p.59 (agitate; make noise) protect/disturb (A38)
חמא p.82 (churn into smooth substance) protect/disturb (A38)
חמה p.82 (protect) protect/disturb (A38)
☯︎
☯︎ move energetically (A39)
אמל p.11 (weaken) move energetically (A39)
המל p.59 (roar; tumult) move energetically (A39)
חמל p.82 (pity for one in danger) move energetically (A39)
עמל p.187 (labor) move energetically (A39)
☯︎
☯︎ develop (A40)
אמם p.11 (be dependent) develop (A40)
המם p.60 (ferment; move in confused manner) develop (A40)
חמם p.82 (glow; project extreme heat) develop (A40)
עמם p.187 (develop without outside interference) develop (A40)
☯︎
☯︎
אמן p.11 depend upon; rely upon (no cognates listed)
- The evil minister of the King in the Book of Esther, Haman המן – clearly NOT one that the King should rely upon. One might consider this on the scale of measuring dependability as at the negative extreme, whereas אמן is our word “Amen,” for “truly” or “verily,” at the positive end of the scale.
☯︎
☯︎ effect graduated change (A41)
אמץ p.11 (strengthen; secure) effect graduated change (A41)
אמש p.12 (pass; change) effect graduated change (A41)
המס p.60 (liquefy) effect graduated change (A41)
חמס p.82 (wrong; commit evil incrementally) effect graduated change (A41)
חמץ p.82 (ferment) effect graduated change (A41)
- This is the leaven of leavened bread.
חמש p.93 (prepare; equip in order to exert power) effect graduated change
(A41)
☯︎
☯︎ bring together (A42)
אמר p.12 (organize speech to be heard and understood) bring together (A42)
המר p.60 (heap) bring together (A42)
חמר p.83 (heap; collect into single place) bring together (A42)
עמר p.187 (collect) bring together (A42)
☯︎
☯︎ hold back (A48)
אסם p.13 (store; concentrate in one place) hold back (A48)
אשם p.18 (destroy inner self; self-destruct) hold back (A48)
חסם p.84 (obstruct; retard) hold back (A48)
חשם p.91 (silence; demand obedience) hold back (A48)
עצם p.190 (store power) hold back (A48)
☯︎
☯︎ combine/separate (A53)
ארם p.17 (rise) combine/separate (A53) – see the EDBH entry
חרם p.89 (segregate; keep separate) combine/separate (A53)
ערם p.192 (collect; combine for future use) combine/separate (A53)
☯︎
☯︎ determine degree of motion (A64)
אמד (no entry – not in Hebrew Scripture) (value)
In modern Hebrewאמד= measured
חמד p.82 (covet; value and desire) determine degree of motion (A64)
חמט p.82 (crawl on the ground) determine degree of motion (A64)
עמד p.187 (stand in preparation to act) determine degree of motion (A64)
☯︎
☯︎ conceal (A65)
חמק p.83 (hide; turn away)
עמק p.187 (deepen) conceal (A65)
☯︎
☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎
☯︎ force down (B12)
בהם p.21 (subordinate to another) force down (B12)
פחם p.200 (weaken; blacken) force down (B12)
פעם p.204 (beat down; stride strongly) force down (B12
☯︎
☯︎
במה p.28 raise up (no cognates listed)
☯︎
☯︎ have/have not (B48)
מאד p.135 (have resources) have/have not (B48)
מעד p.142 (waver; move with uncertainty) have/have not (B48)
מעט p.142 (lessen) have/have not (B48)
☯︎
☯︎ increase/decrease (B49) have/lack substance (B55) should be same
מאה p.135 (multiply) increase/decrease (B49)
מהה p.136 (be unknown/doubt) have/lack substance (B55)
מחא p.138 (strike; clap) increase/decrease (B49)
מחה p.138 (erase; strike) increase/decrease (B49)
מחח p.139 (add substance) have/lack substance (B55)
מעה p.142 (disintegrate; break down food) increase/decrease (B49)
☯︎
☯︎
מאם p.135 lack (no cognates listed)
☯︎
☯︎
מאן p.135 refuse (no cognates listed)
- There is no מען, but there is a name in the Hebrew Scriptures, מעון Maon, which appears as a city, and a man of the tribe of Judah and his clan. The word מעון is listed in Strongs as ”habitation,” or “residence.” The suggested derivation is מfrom + ענה p.188 respond; make dependent (Strongs says “to dwell together, sexual cohabitation, duty of marriage”) Related to עון p.181 time to advantage; benefit for specific time periods,
☯︎
☯︎ act negatively (B50)
מאס p.135 (despise; objectively find defect) act negatively (B50)
מחץ p.139 (strike) act negatively (B50)
☯︎
☯︎ move in directed manner (B51)
מאר p.135 (perforate; destroy) move in directed manner (B51)
מהר p.136 (hasten to act, usually to cement a relationship) move in directed
manner (B51)
מחר p.139 (barter; exchange) move in directed manner (B51)
מער p.142 (hollow out) move in directed manner (B51)
☯︎
☯︎ weaken (B56) מהל p.136 (weaken) weaken (B56)
מעל p.142 (deceive; cover up) weaken (B56)
☯︎
☯︎ separate (B61)
מזה p.138 (thin; lose essence) separate (B61)
- The mezuzah מזוזה is said to be מ from + זוז p.65 move slowly. Its meaning is doorpost.
מזח p.138 (hold in) separate (B61)
מסה p.141 (melt away) separate (B61)
מצא p.142 (find deliberately; bring out) separate (B61)
משה p.144 (draw out of water) separate (B61)
- This is Moses/Moshe משה
משח p.144 (separate out) separate (B61)
- The root for Messiah משיח
☯︎
☯︎ pound (B64)
מחק p.139 (smash; pound) pound (B64)
מעך p.142 (crush) pound (B64)
☯︎
☯︎ prolong (B73)
מתה p.145 (live on) prolong (B73)
מתח p.145 (spread; stretch) prolong (B73)
☯︎
☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎
☯︎ absorb (C29)
גמה p.41 (absorb) absorb (C29)
גמה p.41 (absorb addition) absorb (C29)
כמה p.119 (thirst; long) absorb (C29)
קמח p.229 (process flour) absorb (C29)
☯︎
☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎
☯︎ clarify/confuse (D15)
דהם p.47 (confuse) clarify/confuse (D15)
טעם p.97 (reason; establish judgment) clarify/confuse (D15)
תאם p.283 (fit; conform) clarify/confuse (D15)
- Note that תהם/תהום “the deep” in Gn1:2 also “abyss,” is cognate here, but is a noun formed of ת “mark of” + הום p.58 billow; be in agitated motion, which seems to fit the cognate meaning
☯︎
☯︎ lose independence (D30)
דמה p.51 (resemble) lose independence (D30)
דמע p.52 (weep; shed tears) lose independence (D30)
טמא p.96 (contaminate) lose independence (D30)
טמה p.97 (ruin completely) lose independence (D30)
טמע (absorb) (assimilated in modern Hebrew – not in Scripture) lose
independence (D30)
תמה p.286 (astound) lose independence (D30)
☯︎
☯︎ rising of repressed feelings (not numbered)
יחם p.103 (warm) rising of repressed feelings (not numbered)
קאם p.223 (rise) rising of repressed feelings (not numbered)
☯︎
☯︎ struggle for essentials (D45)
לאם p.127 (organize diverse elements) struggle for essentials (D45)
להם p.129 (strike) struggle for essentials (D45)
לחם p.131 (struggle for existence) struggle for essentials (D45)
☯︎
☯︎ express restrained feeling (D58)
נאם p.146 (pronounce; speak) express restrained feeling (D58)
נהם p.150 נהם (complain; agitate) express restrained feeling (D58)
נחם p.154 (change attitudes) express restrained feeling (D58)
נעם p.158 (please; attract) express restrained feeling (D58)
☯︎
☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎
☯︎ impact positively/negatively (E9)
זהם p.64 (loath) impact positively/negatively (E9)
זעם p.69 (rage; express anger) impact positively/negatively (E9)
שהם p.256 (identify) impact positively/negatively (E9)
☯︎
☯︎ satisfy need (E21)
זמה p.67 (lust; indulge in excesses [sexual and otherwise]) satisfy need (E21) סמא (no entry – not in Scripture) (blind) satisfy need (E21)
In modern Hebrew it is only a name,סמאSama – not sure the origin here
צמא p.217 (thirst) satisfy need (E21)
צמה p.217 (thirst) satisfy need (E21)
צמח p.217 (grow; expand) satisfy need (E21)
שמה p.264 (identify) satisfy need (E21)
- The root listed for שם, name/naming, and HaShem “means of acknowledging God”
שמע p.265 (listen; pay attention) satisfy need (E21)
- This is Shema, “Hear, O Israel•••”
שׂמח p.278 (rejoice; express positive feelings) satisfy need (E21)
☯︎
☯︎ cause/restrain extreme movement (E64)
ראם p.237 (be high/elevate) cause/restrain extreme movement (E64)
רהם (no entry – does not occur in Hebrew Scripture) (increase) cause/restrain extreme movement (E64) – in modern Hebrew is only a name Rahm רהם
רחם p.243 (protect from harm) cause/restrain extreme movement (E64)
רעם p.246 (shake violently; thunder) cause/restrain extreme movement (E64)
☯︎
☯︎ cast (E88)
רמה p.245 (hurl up in a targeted fashion) cast (E88)
רמח p.245 (throw) cast (E88)
☯︎
☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎ ☯︎
absorb physically/emotionally (A12)
control (A17)
limit (A22)
bind/loosen (A35)
protect/disturb (A38)
move energetically (A39)
develop (A40)
depend upon; rely upon (no cognates listed)
effect graduated change (A41)
bring together (A42)
hold back (A48)
combine/separate (A53)
determine degree of motion (A64)
conceal (A65)
force down (B12)
raise up (no cognates listed)
have/have not (B48)
increase/decrease (B49) have/lack substance (B55) should be same
act negatively (B50)
move in directed manner (B51)
pound (B64)
prolong (B73)
absorb (C29)
clarify/confuse (D15)
lose independence (D30)
rising of repressed feelings (not numbered)
struggle for essentials (D45)
lack (no cognates listed)
refuse (no cognates listed)
impact positively/negatively (E9)
satisfy need (E21)
cause/restrain extreme movement (E64)
cast (E88)
“Mother” is included in each of these.
My impression of the overall interpretation of these cognate meanings is: positioned for influence.
Addendum in May, 2023. With continued work on tye two-letter cognate permutations, an addition was seen to be important. The above work was combined with חן/נח cognate permutations, due to the further work on מ reflecting נ. Thus ”mother” role is listed as:
מה/אם cognate permutations (positioned for influence; direct to/target goal)
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