This is the continuation of Blog 62, Focus Attention, the extended investigation of נשה.
These are the eighteen occurrences of נשׁה in ESV
However, note the listing of Genesis 33:5, where we last ended, is נשׁים. There are 131 occurrences of נשׁים in BHS. נשי seventeen occurrences. We will discuss later•••
Genesis 32:32 ESV
32 Therefore to this day the people of Israel do not eat the sinew (h1517. גִּיד g̱iyḏ) of the thigh (h3409. יָרֵךְ yârêḵ) that is on the hip (h5384. נָשֶׁה nâšeh) socket (h3709. כַּף ḵap̱), because he touched the socket (h3709. כַּף ḵap̱) of Jacob’s hip (h3409. יָרֵךְ yârêḵ) on the sinew (h1517. גִּיד g̱iyḏ) of the thigh (h5384. נָשֶׁה nâšeh).
All translations are challenging. ESV is the most clear to me, but you can see there is some struggle in moving between Hebrew and English.
Genesis 41:51
51 Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh. “For,” he said, “God has made me forget all my hardship and all my father’s house.”
Exodus 22:25
25 “If you lend money to any of my people with you who is poor, you shall not be like a moneylender to him, and you shall not exact interest from him.
Deuteronomy 15:2
2 And this is the manner of the release: every creditor shall release what he has lent to his neighbor. He shall not exact it of his neighbor, his brother, because the Lord’s release has been proclaimed.
Deuteronomy 24:10
10 “When you make your neighbor a loan of any sort, you shall not go into his house to collect his pledge.
Deuteronomy 24:11
11 You shall stand outside, and the man to whom you make the loan shall bring the pledge out to you.
2 Kings 4:1
Elisha and the Widow’s Oil
1 Now the wife of one of the sons of the prophets cried to Elisha, “Your servant my husband is dead, and you know that your servant feared the Lord, but the creditor has come to take my two children to be his slaves.”
Nehemiah 5:7-11
7 I took counsel with myself, and I brought charges against the nobles and the officials. I said to them, “You are exacting interest (משׁא), each from his brother.” And I held a great assembly against them 8 and said to them, “We, as far as we are able, have bought back our Jewish brothers who have been sold to the nations, but you even sell your brothers that they may be sold to us!” They were silent and could not find a word to say. 9 So I said, “The thing that you are doing is not good. Ought you not to walk in the fear of our God to prevent the taunts of the nations our enemies? 10 Moreover, I and my brothers and my servants are lending them money and grain. Let us abandon this {exacting of interest}(משׁא). 11 Return to them this very day their fields, their vineyards, their olive orchards, and their houses, and the percentage of money, grain, wine, and oil that you have been exacting from them.”
Job 11:6
6 and that he would tell you the secrets of wisdom!
For he is manifold in understanding.
Know then that God exacts of you less than your guilt deserves.
Job 39:17
17 because God has made her forget wisdom
and given her no share in understanding.
Psalms 109:11
11 May the creditor seize all that he has;
may strangers plunder the fruits of his toil!
Isaiah 24:2
2 And it shall be, as with the people, so with the priest;
as with the slave, so with his master;
as with the maid, so with her mistress;
as with the buyer, so with the seller;
as with the lender, so with the borrower;
as with the creditor, so with the debtor.
Isaiah 44:21
21 Remember these things, O Jacob,
and Israel, for you are my servant;
I formed you; you are my servant;
O Israel, you will not be forgotten by me.
Isaiah 50:1
1 Thus says the Lord:
“Where is your mother’s certificate of divorce,
with which I sent her away?
Or which of my creditors is it
to whom I have sold you?
Behold, for your iniquities you were sold,
and for your transgressions your mother was sent away.
Jeremiah 15:10
Jeremiah’s Complaint
10 Woe is me, my mother, that you bore me, a man of strife and contention to the whole land! I have not lent, nor have I borrowed, yet all of them curse me.
Lamentations 3:17
17 my soul is bereft of peace;
I have forgotten what happiness is;
Now, let’s look at the EDBH verses, and then try to make some sense of all this.
① demanding debt repayment
Deuteronomy 15:1-18 – (The Sabbatical Year)
1 “At the end of every seven years you shall grant a release. 2 And this is the manner of the release: every creditor (h4874. מַשֶּׁה maše; from h5383. נָשָׁה nâšâ) shall release what he has lent (h5383. נָשָׁה nâšâ) to his neighbor. He shall not exact it of his neighbor, his brother, because the LORD’S release has been proclaimed. 3 Of a foreigner you may exact it, but whatever of yours is with your brother your hand shall release. 4 But there will be no poor among you; for the LORD will bless you in the land that the LORD your God is giving you for an inheritance to possess— 5 if only you will strictly obey the voice of the LORD your God, being careful to do all this commandment that I command you today. 6 For the LORD your God will bless you, as he promised you, and you shall lend to many nations, but you shall not borrow, and you shall rule over many nations, but they shall not rule over you.
7 “If among you, one of your brothers should become poor, in any of your towns within your land that the LORD your God is giving you, you shall not harden your heart or shut your hand against your poor brother, 8 but you shall open your hand to him and lend him sufficient for his need, whatever it may be. 9 Take care lest there be an unworthy thought in your heart and you say, ‘The seventh year, the year of release is near,’ and your eye look grudgingly on your poor brother, and you give him nothing, and he cry to the LORD against you, and you be guilty of sin. 10 You shall give to him freely, and your heart shall not be grudging when you give to him, because for this the LORD your God will bless you in all your work and in all that you undertake. 11 For there will never cease to be poor in the land. Therefore I command you, ‘You shall open wide your hand to your brother, to the needy and to the poor, in your land.’
12 “If your brother, a Hebrew man or a Hebrew woman, is sold to you, he shall serve you six years, and in the seventh year you shall let him go free from you. 13 And when you let him go free from you, you shall not let him go empty-handed. 14 You shall furnish him liberally out of your flock, out of your threshing floor, and out of your winepress. As the LORD your God has blessed you, you shall give to him. 15 You shall remember that you were a slave in the land of Egypt, and the LORD your God redeemed you; therefore I command you this today. 16 But if he says to you, ‘I will not go out from you,’ because he loves you and your household, since he is well-off with you, 17 then you shall take an awl, and put it through his ear into the door, and he shall be your slave forever. And to your female slave you shall do the same. 18 It shall not seem hard to you when you let him go free from you, for at half the cost of a hired worker he has served you six years. So the LORD your God will bless you in all that you do.
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Exodus 2:13
13 When he went out the next day, behold, two Hebrews were struggling (h5327. נָצָה nâṣâ) together. And he said to the man in the wrong, “Why do you strike your companion?”
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Psalms 55:15
15 Let death steal over them;
let them go down to Sheol alive;
for evil is in their dwelling place and in their heart.
Psalms 55:16
16 יַשִּׁ֤ימָ֨וֶת* ׀ עָלֵ֗ימוֹ יֵרְד֣וּ שְׁאֹ֣ול חַיִּ֑ים כִּֽי־רָעֹ֖ות בִּמְגוּרָ֣ם בְּקִרְבָּֽם׃
BDB יְשִׁימוֹת
GLOSS Jeshimoth
PARSING Hebrew, noun, common, feminine, plural, absolute
⚫︎ see Jeshimoth below in Anchor Bible Dictionary article on Jeshimon
ESV divides ישי + מות noting ישי from h5377. נָשָׁא nâšâ’ and h4194. מָוֶת mâewṯ is death
This would be a similar construct as Ps23:4, the familiar “valley of the shadow of death: בְּגֵ֪יא צַלְמָ֡וֶת“
② owing; being obligated
Genesis 41:51-52
51 Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh. “For,” he said, “God has made me forget (h5382. נָשָׁה nâšâ) all my hardship and all my father’s house.”
52 And the name of the second he called Ephraim: “For God has caused me to be fruitful in the land of my affliction.”
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Leviticus 4:6
6 וְטָבַ֧ל הַכֹּהֵ֛ן אֶת־אֶצְבָּעֹ֖ו בַּדָּ֑ם וְהִזָּ֨ה מִן־הַדָּ֜ם שֶׁ֤בַע פְּעָמִים֙ לִפְנֵ֣י יְהוָ֔ה אֶת־פְּנֵ֖י פָּרֹ֥כֶת הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ׃
Leviticus 4:1-7 – (The Sin Offering)
1 Now the LORD spoke to Moses, saying, 2 “Speak to the children of Israel, saying: If a person sins unintentionally against any of the commandments of the LORD in anything which ought not to be done, and does any of them, 3 if the anointed priest sins, bringing guilt on the people, then let him offer to the LORD for his sin which he has sinned a young bull without blemish as a sin offering. 4 He shall bring the bull to the door of the tabernacle of meeting before the LORD, lay his hand on the bull’s head, and kill the bull before the LORD. 5 Then the anointed priest shall take some of the bull’s blood and bring it to the tabernacle of meeting. 6 The priest shall dip his finger in the blood and sprinkle (h5137. נָזָהnâzâ) some of the blood seven times before the LORD, in front of the veil of the sanctuary. 7 And the priest shall put some of the blood on the horns of the altar of sweet incense before the LORD, which is in the tabernacle of meeting; and he shall pour the remaining blood of the bull at the base of the altar of the burnt offering, which is at the door of the tabernacle of meeting.
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Deuteronomy 24:10-13 ESV
10 “When you make your neighbor a loan (h5383. נָשָׁה nâšâ) of any sort, you shall not go into his house to collect his pledge. 11 You shall stand outside, and the man to whom you make the loan (h5383. נָשָׁה nâšâ) shall bring the pledge out to you. 12 And if he is a poor man, you shall not sleep in his pledge. 13 You shall restore to him the pledge as the sun sets, that he may sleep in his cloak and bless you. And it shall be righteousness for you before the LORD your God.
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Psalms 89:22
22 The enemy shall not outwit (h5378. נָשָׁא nâšâ’) him;
the wicked shall not humble him.
③ submitting; being weak
Genesis 32:32 ESV this is actually 32:33 in the Hebrew, but גִּ֣יד הַנָּשֶׁ֗ה is shown, so it is an error or a “flag” – גִּ֣יד הַנָּשֶׁ֗ה is not in Hebrew 32:32
32 Therefore to this day the people of Israel do not eat the sinew (h1517. גִּיד g̱iyḏ) of the thigh (h3409. יָרֵךְ yârêḵ) that is on the hip (h5384. נָשֶׁה nâšeh) socket (h3709. כַּף ḵap̱), because he touched the socket (h3709. כַּף ḵap̱) of Jacob’s hip (h3409. יָרֵךְ yârêḵ) on the sinew (h1517. גִּיד g̱iyḏ) of the thigh (h5384. נָשֶׁה nâšeh).
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Psalms 69:20
20(21H) Reproach has broken my heart,
And I am full of heaviness (h5136. נוּשׁ nûš);
I looked for someone to take pity, but there was none;
And for comforters, but I found none.
④ causing a loss
Exodus 22:24
24 אִם־כֶּ֣סֶף ׀ תַּלְוֶ֣ה אֶת־עַמִּ֗י אֶת־הֶֽעָנִי֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹא־תִהְיֶ֥ה לֹ֖ו כְּנֹשֶׁ֑ה לֹֽא־תְשִׂימ֥וּן עָלָ֖יו נֶֽשֶׁךְ׃
Exodus 22:25-27 ESV
25(24H) “If you lend money to any of my people with you who is poor (h6041. עָנִי ‘âniy), you shall not be like a moneylender (h5383. נָשָׁה nâšâ) to him, and you shall not exact (h7760. שׂוּם śûm) interest (h5392. נֶשֶׁךְ nešeḵ) from him.
26 If ever you take your neighbor’s cloak in pledge, you shall return it to him before the sun goes down, 27 for that is his only covering, and it is his cloak (h8071. שִׂמְלָה śimlâ) for his body (h5785. עוֹר ‘ôr); in what else shall he sleep? And if he cries to me, I will hear, for I am compassionate.
⑤ requiring death
Numbers 21:30
30 “But we have shot at them;
Heshbon has perished as far as Dibon.
Then we laid waste (h8074. שָׁמֵם šâmêm) as far as Nophah,
Which (reaches) to Medeba.”
Numbers 21:30
30 וַנִּירָ֛ם אָבַ֥ד חֶשְׁבֹּ֖ון עַד־דִּיבֹ֑ון וַנַּשִּׁ֣ים עַד־נֹ֔פַח אֲשֶׁ֖רׄ עַד־מֵֽידְבָֽא׃
BDB All Results: שׁמם וְ
שׁמם
GLOSS qal: be desolate; be appalled; niphal: be desolated; be appalled; hiphil: devastate; ravage; show horror; hophal: be desolate; poel: cause horror; hithpolel: be appalled; cause oneself ruin
PARSING Hebrew, verb, hiphil, wayyiqtol form, 1st person, common, plural
Notice how the EDBH selection looks at the actual form seen, not the designated root. And recall, also the Appendix about מ and נ reflecting one another.
⑥ forgetting
Lamentations 3:17
17 You have moved my soul far from peace;
I have forgotten (h5382. נָשָׁה nâšâ) prosperity.
⑦ women; weaker sex
Genesis 33:4-11 NKJV
4 But Esau ran to meet him, and embraced him, and fell on his neck and kissed him, and they wept. 5 And he lifted his eyes and saw the women (h0802. אִשָּׁה ’išâ) and children (h3206. יֶלֶד yeleḏ), and said, “Who (are) these with you?”
So he said, “The children (h3206. יֶלֶד yeleḏ) whom God has graciously given your servant.” 6 Then the maidservants came near, they and their children (h3206. יֶלֶד yeleḏ), and bowed down. 7 And Leah also came near with her children (h3206. יֶלֶד yeleḏ), and they bowed down. Afterward Joseph and Rachel came near, and they bowed down.
8 Then Esau said, “What (do) you (mean by) all this company h4264. מַחֲנֶה maḥăneh; from h2583. חָנָה ḥânâ) which I met?”
And he said, “(These are) to find favor in the sight of my lord.”
9 But Esau said, “I have enough, my brother; keep what you have for yourself.”
10 And Jacob said, “No, please, if I have now found favor in your sight, then receive my present (h4503. מִנְחָה minḥâ) from my hand, inasmuch as I have seen your face as though I had seen the face of God, and you were pleased with me. 11 Please, take my blessing (h1293. בְּרָכָה ḇerâḵâ) that is brought to you, because God has dealt graciously (h2603. חָנַןḥânan ➨) with me, and because I have enough.” So he urged him, and he took (it).
➨NKJV reference here is to:
Genesis 30:43
43 Thus the man became exceedingly prosperous, and had large flocks, female and male servants, and camels and donkeys.
⑧ creditor
Exodus 22:24
24 אִם־כֶּ֣סֶף ׀ תַּלְוֶ֣ה אֶת־עַמִּ֗י אֶת־הֶֽעָנִי֙ עִמָּ֔ךְ לֹא־תִהְיֶ֥ה לֹ֖ו כְּנֹשֶׁ֑ה לֹֽא־תְשִׂימ֥וּן עָלָ֖יו נֶֽשֶׁךְ׃
Exodus 22:25-27 note this is a duplicate of the above in ④ 🤔
25(24H) “If you lend money to any of my people with you who is poor (h6041. עָנִי ‘âniy), you shall not be like a moneylender (h5383. נָשָׁה nâšâ) to him, and you shall not exact (h7760. שׂוּם śûm) interest (h5392. נֶשֶׁךְ nešeḵ) from him.
26 If ever you take your neighbor’s cloak in pledge, you shall return it to him before the sun goes down, 27 for that is his only covering, and it is his cloak (h8071. שִׂמְלָה śimlâ) for his body (h5785. עוֹר ‘ôr); in what else shall he sleep? And if he cries to me, I will hear, for I am compassionate.
⚫︎ from the Anchor Bible Dictionary
JESHIMON (PLACE) [Heb yĕšı̂môn (יְשִׁימֹון)]. A “desert” or “wasteland”; used in the OT for both desert areas in general (Deut 32:10; Isa 43:19, 20; Psalms 68:7; 78:40; 106:14; 107:4) and specific locations (Num 21:20; 23:28; 1 Sam 23:19, 24; 26:1, 3).
1. The rugged barren band of land parallel to the Dead Sea in the E Judean hill country, also referred to as the Judean Wilderness (Baly and Tushingham 1971: 12, 112; Maps 20:E3, XIII:C6; MABL: 20, Map 3), though it has also been identified more specifically with the area NW of the Dead Sea (IDB 2: 245). OT sites near Jeshimon included the hill of Hachilah (1 Sam 23:19; 26:1, 3) and the wilderness of Maon (1 Sam 23:24). Because of the rapid descent to the Dead Sea and the extremely limited annual rainfall, Jeshimon was “a desolate and dangerous region” (Baly 1987: 52). This combination of characteristics also made it a place of refuge for those who sought protection: Jeshimon provided sanctuary for David as he attempted to evade Saul (1 Sam 23:19, 24; 26:1, 3).
2. A wasteland located N and E of the Dead Sea (IDB 2: 245) that could be seen from the top of Mt. Pisgah (Num 21:20) and Mt. Peor (Num 23:28). Beth-jeshimoth (Num 33:49), meaning “house of waste lands,” was probably located in this region, since the name is descriptive of the type of soil in the area around the site (LBHG, 109). Jeshimon was perhaps traversed by “the way of Beth-jeshimoth” (Josh 12:3), one of three major roads that ascended out of the Jordan valley to the highlands of the Transjordan (LBHG, 61–62).
Bibliography
Baly, D. 1987. Basic Biblical Geography. Philadelphia.
Baly, D., and Tushingham, A. D. 1971. Atlas of the Biblical World. New York.
LAMOINE F. DEVRIES
① giving birth
Exodus 21:2-6
2 If you buy a Hebrew servant, he shall serve six years; and in the seventh he shall go out free and pay nothing. 3 If he comes in by himself, he shall go out by himself; if he comes in married, then his wife shall go out with him. 4 If his master has given him a wife, and she has borne (h3205. יָלַד yâlaḏ) him sons or daughters, the wife and her children shall be her master’s, and he shall go out by himself. 5 But if the servant plainly says, ‘I love my master, my wife, and my children; I will not go out free,’ 6 then his master shall bring him to the judges. He shall also bring him to the door, or to the doorpost, and his master shall pierce his ear with an awl; and he shall serve him forever.
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Genesis 41:50-52
50 And to Joseph were born (h3205. יָלַד yâlaḏ) two sons before the years of famine came, whom Asenath, the daughter of Poti-Pherah priest of On, bore to him. 51 Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh: “For God has made me forget all my toil and all my father’s house.” 52 And the name of the second he called Ephraim: “For God has caused me to be fruitful in the land of my affliction.”
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Numbers 35:10-11
10 “Speak to the children of Israel, and say to them: When you cross the Jordan into the land of Canaan, 11 then you shall appoint cities to be cities of refuge (h4733. מִקְלָט miqlâṭ) for you, that the manslayer who kills any person accidentally may flee there.
h4733. מִקְלָט miqlâṭ; from h7038. קָלַט qâlaṭ
② creating; bringing forth
Psalms 90:1-2
A Prayer of Moses the man of God.
1 Lord, You have been our dwelling place in all generations.
2 Before the mountains were brought forth (h3205. יָלַד yâlaḏ),
Or ever You had formed the earth and the world,
Even from everlasting to everlasting, You are God.
③ midwife
Genesis 38:27-28
27 Now it came to pass, at the time for giving birth, that behold, twins were in her womb. 28 And so it was, when she was giving birth, that the one put out his hand; and the midwife(h3205. יָלַד yâlaḏ) took a scarlet thread and bound it on his hand, saying, “This one came out first.”
④ boy
Genesis 37:29-30
29 Then Reuben returned to the pit, and indeed Joseph was not in the pit; and he tore his clothes. 30 And he returned to his brothers and said, “The lad (h3206. יֶלֶד yeleḏ) is no more; and I, where shall I go?”
⑤ child
Genesis 11:30
30 But Sarai was barren; she had no child (h2056. וָלָד wâlâḏ).
⑥ place of birth
Genesis 12:1
1 Now the LORD had said to Abram:
“Get out of your country,
From your family (h4138. מוֹלֶדֶת môleḏeṯ)
And from your father’s house,
To a land that I will show you.
⑦ youth
Ecclesiastes 11:9
9 Rejoice, O young man, in your youth (h3208. יַלְדוּת yalḏûṯ),
And let your heart cheer you in the days of your youth;
Walk in the ways of your heart,
And in the sight of your eyes;
But know that for all these
God will bring you into judgment.
⑧ product; history
Genesis 2:4
4 This is the history (h8435. תּוֹלְדָה tôleḏâ) of the heavens and the earth when they were created, in the day that the LORD God made the earth and the heavens,
① drawing up water
Exodus 2:16-19
16 Now the priest of Midian had seven daughters. And they came and drew (h1802. דָּלָהḏâlâ) water, and they filled the troughs to water their father’s flock. 17 Then the shepherds came and drove them away; but Moses stood up and helped them, and watered their flock.
18 When they came to Reuel their father, he said, “How is it that you have come so soon today?”
19 And they said, “An Egyptian delivered us from the hand of the shepherds, and he also drew (h1802. דָּלָה ḏâlâ) enough (h1802. דָּלָה ḏâlâ) water for us and watered the flock.”
② raising; drawing up
Psalms 30:1
A Psalm. A Song at the dedication of the house of David.
1(2H) I will extol You, O LORD, for You have lifted me up (h1802. דָּלָה ḏâlâ),
And have not let my foes rejoice over me.
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Genesis 30:31-33
31 So he said, “What shall I give you?”
And Jacob said, “You shall not give me anything. If you will do this thing for me, I will again feed and keep your flocks: 32 Let me pass through all your flock today, removing from there all the speckled and spotted (h2921. טָלָא ṭâlâ’) sheep, and all the brown ones among the lambs, and the spotted and speckled among the goats; and these shall be my wages. 33 So my righteousness will answer for me in time to come, when the subject of my wages comes before you: every one that is not speckled and spotted (h2921. טָלָא ṭâlâ’) among the goats, and brown among the lambs, will be considered stolen, if it is with me.”
③ swaying bucket
Numbers 24:5-7
5 “How lovely are your tents, O Jacob!
Your dwellings, O Israel!
6 Like valleys that stretch out,
Like gardens by the riverside,
Like aloes planted by the LORD,
Like cedars beside the waters.
7 He shall pour water from his buckets (h1805. דְּלִי ḏelîy),
And his seed shall be in many waters.
“His king shall be higher than Agag,
And his kingdom shall be exalted.
④ high hanging branch
Ezekiel 17:23
23 בְּהַ֨ר מְרֹ֤ום יִשְׂרָאֵל֙ אֶשְׁתֳּלֶ֔נּוּ וְנָשָׂ֤א עָנָף֙ וְעָ֣שָׂה פֶ֔רִי וְהָיָ֖ה לְאֶ֣רֶז אַדִּ֑יר וְשָׁכְנ֣וּ
תַחְתָּ֗יו כֹּ֚ל צִפֹּ֣ור כָּל־כָּנָ֔ףבְּצֵ֥ל דָּלִיּוֹתָ֖יו תִּשְׁכֹּֽנָּה׃
Ezekiel 17:23-24
23 On the mountain height of Israel I will plant it; and it will bring forth boughs, and bear fruit, and be a majestic cedar. Under it will dwell birds of every sort; in the shadow of its branches (דָּלִית h1808. דָּלִיָּה ḏâlîyâ) they will dwell. 24 And all the trees of the field shall know that I, the LORD, have brought down the high tree and exalted the low tree, dried up the green tree and made the dry tree flourish; I, the LORD, have spoken and have done it.”
⇝ Note דָּלִית sounds like tallit – A tallit (Hebrew: טַלִּית [taˈlit] ⇜
⇝ See טלא above in Genesis 30:31-33 ⇜
(Likely the idea behind davening, rocking back and forth in prayer.)
⑤ swinging door
Genesis 19:9
9 And they said, “Stand back!” Then they said, “This one came in to stay here, and he keeps acting as a judge; now we will deal worse with you than with them.” So they pressed hard against the man Lot, and came near to break down the door (h1817. דֶּלֶת ḏeleṯ).
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Genesis 6:10
10 And Noah begot (h3205. יָלַד yâlaḏ) three sons: Shem, Ham, and Japheth.
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Genesis 19:6-8
6 So Lot went out to them through the doorway (h6607. פֶּתַח p̱eṯaḥ), shut the door (h1817. דֶּלֶת ḏeleṯ) behind him, 7 and said, “Please, my brethren, do not do so wickedly! 8 See now, I have two daughters who have not known a man; please, let me bring them out to you, and you may do to them as you wish; only do nothing to these men, since this is the reason they have come under the shadow of my roof.”
⑥ hairnet
Song of Songs 7:5
5(7H) Your head (crowns) you like (Mount) Carmel,
And the hair (h1803. דַּלָּה ḏalâ) of your head (is) like purple;
A king (is) held captive by (your) tresses.
① being impoverished
Psalms 79:8-9
8 Oh, do not remember former iniquities against us!
Let Your tender mercies come speedily to meet us,
For we have been brought very low (h1809. דָּלַל ḏâlal).
9 Help us, O God of our salvation,
For the glory of Your name;
And deliver us, and provide atonement for our sins,
For Your name’s sake!
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You will not completely understand this verse until you get to the bottom of this section.
Psalms 34:2-3
2 אֲבָרֲכָ֣ה אֶת־יְהוָ֣ה בְּכָל־עֵ֑ת תָּ֝מִ֗יד תְּֽהִלָּתֹ֥ו בְּפִֽי׃
3 בַּ֭יהוָה תִּתְהַלֵּ֣ל נַפְשִׁ֑י יִשְׁמְע֖וּ עֲנָוִ֣ים וְיִשְׂמָֽחוּ׃
Psalms 34:1-3
OF DAVID, WHEN HE CHANGED HIS BEHAVIOR BEFORE ABIMELECH, SO THAT HE DROVE HIM OUT, AND HE WENT AWAY.
1 I will bless the LORD at all times;
his praise (h8416. תְּהִלָּה ṯehilâ) shall continually be in my mouth.
2(3H) In the LORD (ביהוה) my soul is exalted (h1984. הָלַל hâlal);
let the humble (h6035. עָנָו ‘ânâw) hear and be glad.
3 Oh, magnify the LORD with me,
and let us exalt his name together!
② drying up
Isaiah 19:4-6
4 And the Egyptians I will give
Into the hand of a cruel master,
And a fierce king will rule over them,”
Says the Lord, the LORD of hosts.
5 The waters will fail from the sea,
And the river will be wasted and dried up.
6 The rivers will turn foul;
The brooks of defense will be emptied (h1809. דָּלַל ḏâlal) and dried up (h2717. חָרַב ḥâraḇ);
The reeds and rushes will wither.
Please recall, we have spoken before of חרב, which is to parch and the sword.
③ being emaciated
2 Samuel 13:1-4
1 After this Absalom the son of David had a lovely sister, whose name was Tamar; and Amnon the son of David loved her. 2 Amnon was so distressed over his sister Tamar that he became sick; for she was a virgin. And it was improper for Amnon to do anything to her. 3 But Amnon had a friend whose name was Jonadab the son of Shimeah, David’s brother. Now Jonadab was a very crafty man. 4 And he said to him, “Why are you, the king’s son, becoming thinner (h1800. דַּל ḏal) day after day? Will you not tell me?”
Amnon said to him, “I love Tamar, my brother Absalom’s sister.”
There is much more intrigue in this entire incident – you can read in chapters 13 and 14. Recall, our having shared long ago, David having declared his own consequences in the handling of his affair with Bathsheba (2S12:6) – sons dying.
④ person reduced to poverty
Exodus 23:1-3
1 “You shall not circulate a false report. Do not put your hand with the wicked to be an unrighteous witness. 2 You shall not follow a crowd to do evil; nor shall you testify in a dispute so as to turn aside after many to pervert justice. 3 You shall not show partiality to a poor man (h1800. דַּל ḏal) in his dispute.
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Genesis 31:7
7 וַאֲבִיכֶן֙ הֵ֣תֶל בִּ֔י וְהֶחֱלִ֥ף אֶת־מַשְׂכֻּרְתִּ֖י עֲשֶׂ֣רֶת מֹנִ֑ים וְלֹֽא־נְתָנֹ֣ו אֱלֹהִ֔ים לְהָרַ֖ע עִמָּדִֽי׃
Genesis 31:4-9
4 So Jacob sent and called Rachel and Leah to the field, to his flock, 5 and said to them, “I see your father’s countenance, that it is not favorable toward me as before; but the God of my father has been with me. 6 And you know that with all my might I have served your father. 7 Yet your father has deceived הֵ֣תֶל me and changed my wages ten times, but God did not allow him to hurt me. 8 If he said thus: The speckled shall be your wages,’ then all the flocks bore speckled. And if he said thus: ‘The streaked shall be your wages,’ then all the flocks bore streaked. 9 So God has taken away the livestock of your father and given them to me.
Very important to notice here, to understand this word•••
Strongs h2048. הָתַל hâṯal; a primitive root; to deride; by implication, to cheat: — deal deceitfully, deceive, mock.
AV (10) – mock 6, deceive 3, deal deceitfully 1;
(Piel) to mock, deceive
(Pual) deceive
But the BDB says תלל
GLOSS hiphil: mock; hophal: be deceived
PARSING Hebrew, verb, hiphil, perfect, 3rd person, masculine, singular
and if you go to תלל in Strongs h8524. תָּלַל ṯâlal; a primitive root; to pile up, i.e. elevate: — eminent. Compare 2048.
AV (1) – eminent 1; v (CLBL)
to exalt
(Qal) eminent, exalted (participle) adj (BDB)
exalted, lofty
Here is some input from TWOT:
518 * הָתַל (hātal) deceive, mock. This verb occurs only once, in the Piel (1 Kgs 18:27).
2513 תלל (tll) I. Assumed root of the following.
2513a † תֵּל (tēl) mound, heap.
2513b תָּלוּל (tālûl) exalted, lofty (Ezek 17:22).
2513c תַּלְתַּלִּים (taltallîm) Meaning uncertain; used figuratively of a woman’s hair (Song 5:11).
תֵּל. Mound, heap, תֵּל . A תֵּל (Akkadian tillu; Arabic tallu) is a large mound covering ruins, usually shaped like a truncated hill, representing the site of an ancient city (or succession of cities built on top of each other). Its characteristic appearance is caused by the collapse of walls and buildings and/or the construction (primarily in the Hyksos or Middle Bronze II B-C period, c. 1750-1550 B. C.) of enormous sloping fortifications technically known as a glacis. The landscape of the Middle East is dotted with thousands of tels that (under current excavating and interpreting procedures) will keep archaeologists busy for centuries as they attempt to reconstruct the history of the sites (see especially E. Yamauchi, The Stones and the Scriptures, pp. 146-66). In the OT, nearly all the occurrences of תֵּל are in reference to the results of God’s judgment on sinful people (Deut 13:16 [H 17]; Josh 8:28; Jer 49:2; and, by implication, 30:18). During the exilic and postexilic periods, a few sites in Babylonia were already notable for their ruined condition, as their names demonstrate (Ezek 3:15; Ezra 2:59 = Nehemiah 7:61).
R.F.Y.
2514 * תָּלַל (tālal) II, mock, deceive, trifle with. Occurs in the Hiphil and Hophal (e.g. Gen 31:7; Isa 44:20).
Derivative
2514a מַהֲתַלָּה (mahătallâ) illusions.
This is CWSBD:
H2048. הָתַל hāṯal, תָּלַל tālal:
A verb meaning to mock, deceive, deride. It is a strong word of derision and attack used by Elijah to mock the prophets of Baal (1 Kgs. 18:27). A verb indicating to cheat, deceive, trifle with, tease, lead on falsely. It is used effectively to describe the deceitful ways Pharaoh dealt with Moses and Israel (Ex. 8:29[25]) and the way Laban treated Jacob (Gen. 31:7). Samson led Delilah on falsely concerning his strength (Judg. 16:10, 13, 15). It describes the deceived heart of an idolater (Isa. 44:20) or the rampant social deception that was characteristic of Zion before she fell (Jer. 9:5[4]).
Concordance
H2048. I. הָתַל hāṯal verb
(to mock, to deride, to deceive)
1 Kgs. 18:27.
II. תָּלַל tālal verb
(to cheat, to deceive, to trifle with, to tease, to lead on falsely)
Gen. 31:7; Ex. 8:29(25); Judg. 16:10,13,15; Job 13:9; Isa. 44:20; Jer. 9:5(4).
H2049. הֲתֻלִים haṯuliym: A masculine plural noun denoting mockers. It means to deride, to excoriate, attack with derision. Job uses the word to describe his “friends” and detractors who are crushing him with their words (Job 17:2).
Concordance
H2049. הֲתֻלִים haṯuliym masc. pl. noun
(mockers)
Job 17:2.
Hopefully now you have a good sense for this word. The deception is being used, used in such a way that all appearances are that you are being “elevated.” Look how it is used with Samson and with Job’s “friends,” as well as Laban with Jacob.
The issue is, whether we are being shown to allow ourselves to be used in this way. See, in the Sermon on the Mount, Matthew 5:38-42, and recall that in the end of the book of Job, the pre-condition of Job’s restoration was his praying for his friends. Read Job 42. All things in the Greek Scriptures have been seen before in the Hebrew Scriptures. Let me point out two critical verses on which you should focus your attention, and then we will move to the next parallel (“also”) verse. This is Job responding to the LORD (יהוה):
Job 42:5-6
5 “I have heard of You by the hearing of the ear,
But now my eye sees You.
6 Therefore I abhor myself,
And repent in dust and ashes.”
Job previously had known about God, now he has come to know God. This has come only by putting the teaching into the context of life. Humbling it is.
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Exodus 8:25 This is the same word we just looked at, above.
25 וַיֹּ֣אמֶר מֹשֶׁ֗ה הִנֵּ֨ה אָנֹכִ֜י יוֹצֵ֤א מֵֽעִמָּךְ֙ וְהַעְתַּרְתִּ֣י אֶל־יְהוָ֔ה וְסָ֣ר הֶעָרֹ֗ב מִפַּרְעֹ֛ה מֵעֲבָדָ֥יו וּמֵעַמֹּ֖ו
מָחָ֑ר רַ֗קאַל־יֹסֵ֤ף פַּרְעֹה֙ הָתֵ֔ל לְבִלְתִּי֙ שַׁלַּ֣ח אֶת־הָעָ֔ם לִזְבֹּ֖חַ לַֽיהוָֽה׃
Exodus 8:29-32
29(25H) Then Moses said, “Indeed I am going out from you, and I will entreat the LORD, that the swarms of flies may depart tomorrow from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people. But let Pharaoh not deal deceitfully anymore in not letting the people go to sacrifice to the LORD.”
30 So Moses went out from Pharaoh and entreated the LORD. 31 And the LORD did according to the word of Moses; He removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people. Not one remained. 32 But Pharaoh hardened his heart at this time also; neither would he let the people go.
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Psalms 41:1
To the Chief Musician. A Psalm of David.
1 Blessed is he who considers the poor (h1800. דַּל ḏal);
The LORD will deliver him in time of trouble.
As always, these four are a unit, to be read and understood in parallel – explanatory of one another. See in this understanding, also the parable of Lazarus and the Rich Man Luke 16:19-31. Do not miss verse 31.
Returning to the verses in the first subsection ① being impoverished, and looking atPs34:2(3H), the person humbled in the flesh is exalted in the soul. This is when we truly get to “know God,” when we realize we are completely dependent upon the LORD (יהוה). And we, in turn, are to recognize that in others who have been humbled. There is so, so, so much more, but this is a very good beginning.
☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎ ☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎ ☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎ ☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎ ☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎
☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎ ☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎ ☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎ ☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎ ☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎☸︎
① being ill
Genesis 4:26 LITV
26 And a son was also born to Seth, and he called his name, Enos (h0583. אֱנוֹשׁ ’enôš). Then it was begun to call on the name of Jehovah.
See ⑥ below
② being mortal
Psalms 103:13-16
13 As a father shows compassion to his children,
so the LORD shows compassion to those who fear him.
14 For he knows our frame;
he remembers that we are dust.
15 (As for) man (h0582. אֱנוֹשׁ ’enôš), his days are like grass;
he flourishes like a flower of the field;
16 for the wind passes over it, and it is gone,
and its place knows it no more.
③ suffering
Jeremiah 17:9-10
9 “The heart is deceitful above all things,
And desperately wicked* (h0605. אָנַשׁ ’ânaš);
Who can know it?
10 I, the LORD, search the heart,
I test the mind,
Even to give every man according to his ways,
According to the fruit of his doings.
* NKJV has a footnote saying “Or incurably sick.”
④ being fatal
Micah 1:8-9 – (Mourning for Israel and Judah)
8 Therefore I will wail and howl,
I will go stripped and naked;
I will make a wailing like the jackals
And a mourning like the ostriches,
9 For her wounds are incurable (h0605. אָנַשׁ ’ânaš).
For it has come to Judah;
It has come to the gate of My people—
To Jerusalem.
⑤ self-centered people
Numbers 13:2-3
2 “Send men to spy out the land of Canaan, which I am giving to the children of Israel; from each tribe of their fathers you shall send a man (h0376. אִישׁ ’îyš), every one a leader among them.”
3 So Moses sent them from the Wilderness of Paran according to the command of the LORD, all of them men (h0582. אֱנוֹשׁ ’enôš) who were heads of the children of Israel.
You have to know the rest of the story to understand the subheading, that these were the people who failed the test, leading to the banishment for forty years in the wilderness.
⑥ troubled state of mankind
Genesis 4:26 NKJV
26 And as for Seth, to him also a son was born; and he named him Enosh (h0583. אֱנוֹשׁ’enôš). Then (men) began to call on the name of the LORD.
Genesis 4:26 ESV
26 To Seth also a son was born, and he called his name Enosh (h0583. אֱנוֹשׁ ’enôš). At that time people began to call upon the name of the LORD.
Genesis 4:26 LITV
26 And a son was also born to Seth, and he called his name, Enos (h0583. אֱנוֹשׁ ’enôš). Then it was begun to call on the name of Jehovah.
Genesis 4:26
26 וּלְשֵׁ֤ת גַּם־הוּא֙ יֻלַּד־בֵּ֔ן וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמֹ֖ו אֱנֹ֑ושׁ אָ֣ז הוּחַ֔ל לִקְרֹ֖א בְּשֵׁ֥ם יְהוָֽה׃ פ
Bereshith 4:26, Hirsch Chumash
26 And to Sheth, in turn, a son was born; he called him Enosh.
It was then that (man) first began to proclaim in the name of God.
For your information, I have heard teaching that this verse refers to a positive activity and a negative activity. From the bit of research I have done into the context, one could potentially interpret either way. I am not telling the reader how to interpret, but I do like Hirsch’s point here that follows along with the teaching we have been doing here on ב as from בית, “in.” It was through the line of Seth and Enosh that Noah came (1Chr1:1).
⑦ degenerate man
Psalms 8:3-5
3 When I consider Your heavens, the work of Your fingers,
The moon and the stars, which You have ordained,
4 What is man (h0582. אֱנוֹשׁ ’enôš) that You are mindful of him,
And the son of man (h0120. אָדָם ’âḏâm) that You visit him?
5 For You have made him a little lower than the angels,
And You have crowned him with glory and honor.
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Leviticus 26:23-25
23 ‘And if by these things you are not reformed by Me, but walk contrary to Me,
24 then I also will walk contrary to you, and I will punish you yet seven times for your sins.
25 And I will bring a sword against you that will execute the vengeance of the covenant;
when you are gathered together within your cities I will send pestilence among you;
and you shall be delivered into the hand of the enemy.
Leviticus 26:25
25 וְהֵבֵאתִ֨י עֲלֵיכֶ֜ם חֶ֗רֶב נֹקֶ֨מֶת֙ נְקַם־בְּרִ֔ית וְנֶאֱסַפְתֶּ֖ם אֶל־עָרֵיכֶ֑ם וְשִׁלַּ֤חְתִּי דֶ֨בֶר֙ בְּתֹ֣וכְכֶ֔ם וְנִתַּתֶּ֖םבְּיַד־אוֹיֵֽב׃
BDB אסף
GLOSS qal: gather; remove; niphal: be gathered; piel: glean; pual: be gathered; hithpael: gather oneself
PARSING Hebrew, verb, niphal, consecutive perfect, 2nd person, masculine, plural
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Psalms 90:3
3 You turn man (h0582. אֱנוֹשׁ ’enôš) to destruction,
And say, “Return, O children of men (h0120. אָדָם ’âḏâm).”
Genesis 41:51
51 Joseph called the name of the firstborn Manasseh: “For God has made me forget all my toil and all my father’s house.” HAPAX
Genesis 41:51
51 וַיִּקְרָ֥א יוֹסֵ֛ף אֶת־שֵׁ֥ם הַבְּכֹ֖ור מְנַשֶּׁ֑ה כִּֽי־נַשַּׁ֤נִי אֱלֹהִים֙ אֶת־כָּל־עֲמָלִ֔י וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־בֵּ֥ית אָבִֽי׃
Psalms 69:20
20 Reproach has broken my heart,
And I am full of heaviness (h5136. נוּשׁ nûš); HAPAX
I looked (for someone) to take pity, but there was none;
And for comforters, but I found none.
Psalms 69:21
21 חֶרְפָּ֤ה ׀ שָֽׁבְרָ֥ה לִבִּ֗י וָֽאָ֫נ֥וּשָׁה וָאֲקַוֶּ֣ה לָנ֣וּד וָאַ֑יִן וְ֝לַמְנַחֲמִ֗ים וְלֹ֣א מָצָֽאתִי׃
BDB All Results: נושׁ וְ
וְ
GLOSS and; also; but; so; then
נושׁ
GLOSS qal: be ill
PARSING Hebrew, verb, qal, wayyiqtol form, 1st person, common, singular, suffix: paragogic he
We are now ready for a little “midrash” on Genesis 33:5, where we last ended, and then we will move to the next “Attention” grouping (next entry).
Genesis 33:5
5 And he lifted his eyes and saw the women and children, and said, “Who are these with you?”
So he said, “The children whom God has graciously given your servant.”
Genesis 33:5
5 וַיִּשָּׂ֣א אֶת־עֵינָ֗יו וַיַּ֤רְא אֶת־הַנָּשִׁים֙ וְאֶת־הַיְלָדִ֔ים וַיֹּ֖אמֶר מִי־אֵ֣לֶּה לָּ֑ךְ וַיֹּאמַ֕ר הַיְלָדִ֕ים אֲשֶׁר־חָנַ֥ן אֱלֹהִ֖יםאֶת־עַבְדֶּֽךָ׃
Genesis 30:43 Speaking of Jacob while working for Laban.
43 Thus the man increased greatly and had large flocks, female servants and male servants, and camels and donkeys.
You will have to read the context of Genesis 33, and please accept or reject the midrash as you see fit. My thought, in sharing this entire discussion of נשה and ילד, including אנש(targeting/individualizing) is for you consider that the focus here is not on women and children, but on the destitute, the servants/slaves that Jacob had come to “possess,” due to their selling themselves to him in their poverty.
Many of the teachings God gives are based upon historical events that occur earlier in the Torah. Recall that Jacob worked for Laban twenty years. Read Genesis 31:36-42. See that Jacob is himself indentured, but note that he also had others (30:43) indentured to him. See the laws of dealing with servants/those indentured in Exodus 21:1-11.
Jacob served two seven-year terms for his wives, and had served another six – now in his “seventh year.”
Exodus 21:2
2 If you buy a Hebrew servant, he shall serve six years; and in the seventh he shall go out free and pay nothing.
Exodus 21:2
2 כִּ֤י תִקְנֶה֙ עֶ֣בֶד עִבְרִ֔י שֵׁ֥שׁ שָׁנִ֖ים יַעֲבֹ֑ד וּבַ֨שְּׁבִעִ֔ת יֵצֵ֥א
לַֽחָפְשִׁ֖י חִנָּֽם׃
The laws of the Teaching/Torah are frequently seen to clarify what has taken place before. My message is to say that Genesis 33:5 likely is intended to clarify this situation. We not only have Jacob being “indentured,” but also with others that have become indentured to him. Is how Laban treated Jacob appropriate in God’s eyes? We suspect not, with the references of God speaking to Laban in Gn31:24 and Gn31:29. Is how he turned them over to Esau a “correct” way in God’s eyes? We do not know for certain what the wrestling was about, but we do know Jacob ended up with a limp. And we see this clarification in Ex21:1-11.
Two other pieces that fit in here are Amalek, and how they oppress the stragglers, the tired and weary. God shares only disdain for Amalek (Ex17:14 and Dt25:19). And we know God’s frequent reference to watching out for widows and orphans. (Some examples Ex22:22; Job22:9; Ps68:5; Is9:17, 10:2; Jr49:11; Lm5:3; James1:27.)
Psalms 68:5
5(6H) A father of the fatherless (h3490. יָתוֹם yâṯôm), a defender of widows (h0490. אַלְמָנָה’almânâ),
Is God in His holy habitation.
h3490. יָתוֹם yâṯôm
p.113 יתם orphan; cut parental support
GV p.286 תמם cease [require nothing more]; p.286 תמה astound; p.284 תום taper [ends together]; p.113 יתם orphan [cut parental support]
DV תאם – p.286 תמם cease [require nothing more]; p.286 תמה astound; p.284 תום taper [ends together] > p.283 תאם fit; conform No other DVs
CM תמם repress (D31); תמה lose independence (D30); תום hold together (D19); יתם strike (C61); תאם clarify/confuse (D15)
h0490. אַלְמָנָה ’almânâ; from h0481. אָלַם ’âlam
Exodus 22:21-23
21 “You shall neither mistreat a stranger nor oppress him, for you were strangers in the land of Egypt.
2221H) “You shall not afflict any widow (h0490. אַלְמָנָה ’almânâ) or fatherless child (h3490. יָתוֹם yâṯôm). 23 If you afflict them in any way, and they cry at all to Me, I will surely hear their cry;
Deuteronomy 15:11
11 For the poor (h0034. אֶבְיוֹן ’eḇyôn) will never cease from the land; therefore I command you, saying, ‘You shall open your hand wide to your brother (h0251. אָח ’âḥ), to your poor (h6041. עָנִי ‘âniy) and your needy (h0034. אֶבְיוֹן ’eḇyôn), in your land.’
Genesis 25:23
23 And the LORD said to her:
“Two nations are in your womb,
Two peoples shall be separated from your body;
One people shall be stronger than the other,
And the greater shall serve the lesser.”
Always one people/person will be stronger than the other. The poor will never cease from our lives. There is always one stronger and one weaker, any time more than one is present. The greater serves the lesser. The statement is quite profound if you really stop to consider its implications. 🤔 The lesser is in position to strive and strives to become the greater. But on the other side••• the greater serves the lesser. Look over the words we have studied in this session. Consider for yourself. But many first will be last, and the last first. When I am weak, then I am strong.
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